The Black Death :: essays research papers

The Black DeathThe Black Death serves as a contented divider amongst the central and the late Middle Ages. The changes between the two periods are numerous, they include the introduction of gunpowder, increased importance of cities, economic and demographic crises, political dislocation and realignment, and the right way new currents in culture and religion. Overall, the later Middle Ages are unremarkably characterized as a period of crisis and trouble. The portrait should not be painted unrelievedly bleak, save the tone is accurate enough and echoes voices from the era itself.The Black Death did not cause the crisis, for evidence of the changes can be seen well forward 1347. But the incrust exacerbated problems and added new ones, and the tone of crisis is graver in the second half than in the first half of the century. Standing at the centurys mid-point, the plague serves as a convenient demarcation.The Black Death erupted in the Gobi Desert in the late 1320s. No one really knows why. The plague bacillus was alive and active long before that, indeed Europe itself had suffered an epidemic in the 6th century. But the unsoundness had lain relatively dormant in the succeeding centuries. We know that the climate of Earth began to aplomb in the 14th century, and perhaps this so-called little Ice Age had something to do with it.Whatever the reason, we know that the outbreak began there and spread outward. While it did go west, it spread in every direction, and the Asian nations suffered as cruelly as anywhere. In China, for example, the population dropped from around 125 million to 90 million everywhere the course of the 14thc. The plague moved along the caravan routes toward the West. By 1345 the plague was on the lower Volga River. By 1346 it was in the Caucasus and the Crimea. By 1347 it was in Constantinople. It hit Alexandria in the autumn of that year, and by spring 1348, a thousand people a day were dying there. In Cairo the count was seven times th at.The disease travelled by ship as readily as by land?more readily?and it was no sooner in the eastern Mediterranean than it was in the western end as well. Already in 1347, the plague had hit Sicily. What was this disease? Bubonic plague is the medical term. It is a bacillus, an organism, most usually carried by rodents. Fleas infest the animal (rats, but other rodents as well), and these fleas move freely over to human hosts.

Love Loss And The Court Of King Claudius :: essays research papers

Love, Loss, and the Court of King ClaudiusShakespeare worked with the simplest of principals, writing at the minds ownspeed, using everything he read, but reworking it first, and depending upon characters forthe defining trait or flaw. One theme which constantly emerges throughout small town is thetheme of roll in the hay and loss, revealed by the characters of Hamlet, Laertes, and Ophelia. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a young man subjected to much watch ache in thecourse of this play. His first loss being the suspicious death of Hamlets be savourd andrespected father, Hamlet Sr. even Hamlets Uncle/Step-father, King Claudius, noted inspeaking with young Hamlet that his mourning was serious. Tis sweet andcommendable in your nature, says Caludius of Hamlets behavior, . . .But to bear onin obstinate condolement is a course of impious stubbornness. Tis unmanly grief. . .(Act I, Scene II, lines 90-98). Hamlet was heartbroken at the loss of his father, which wasreflected in his outlo ok on life. He regarded Denmark as a prison and spoke toRosencrantz and Guildenstern of having bad dreams. Unfortunately Act I is not the onlytime where young Hamlet expresses pain from love and loss. Although he is cruel andunkind to Ophelia in their meetings of both Act III, Scenes I and II, he is only expressingthe frustration that has built up inside of him toward all women, and enjoin it atOphelia because she was available. Hamlet had not ceased to love her. He explains histrue feelings for Ophelia upon arrival at her burial, completely shocked that his belovedmaid has died, saying, What is he whose grief bears such an emphasis, whose phase ofsorrow conjures the wandring stars and makes them stand like wonder-wounded hearers? This is I, (Act V, Scene I, lines 267-271). He then goes on to say he would do anything toprove his love, including be buried with her. Hamlet lost yet another person dear to him,his lover, fair Ophelia.Hamlet is only one character in the play who experi ences love and loss. Ophelia isanother. In Act III, Scene IV, after the performance of The Mouse Trap and The Murder ofGonzago for the royal court, Hamlet mistakenly kills Polonius, the father of Ophelia andLaertes. Ophelia already believed she had lost the affections of her Hamlet due to theirdialogue from Act III, Scenes I and II. She had sacrificed his love because her father andbrother had ordered her to turn him away. And now, to learn that her respected father,

Computer Games :: Descriptive Writing Examples

Computer GamesCrouching behind a twisted chunk of metal, I waited for the mortar blasts to subside. As soon as I could not hear the thunderous roar of explosions, I ducked out of my hiding place and ran up the beach. The whining ring of a roll of tobacco sounded through the silence, and I looked to see where the gunner was hiding. The enemy locked another bullet into the chamber and fired his scoped rifle. The bullet met flesh, and I fell to the ground. Only minutes earlier Willis and I had been sitting on the couch, listening to loud punk music. It was too hot outside to do anything, and the flies were out anyway. Inside was cooler and much hospitable, but boredom had set in. Day of Defeat? asked Willis in a muted drawl. Yah, I responded, and bounded up the stairs. Within minutes, Willis and I had booted up his computer, connected to the internet, and logged onto a clan server of Day of Defeat. Suddenly we were not in the messy upstairs of Willis house, but on a virtual battlefie ld, easy working up towards an enemy encampment up the beach. In a matter of seconds I was killed by an enemy sniper, who was carefully protecting his teams base, Willis took over, choosing a much accurate rifle over the clunky machine gun I had chosen.Willis computer desk was a heap of gaming equipment and disks. On the shelf above the desk, a row of outdated games were lined up with surgical precision. The old games were never used, so they were never out of order. Below the shelf, on the desk, lay a mob of new games, their wrappers and cases, handbooks and strategy guides. A PC Gamer magazine lay in among the countless piles of demo disks Willis had picked up here and there. Rising from the mess was the check new Elements 19-inch monitor, emitting a cold, bluish glow. The keyboard sported a custom key cover, changing the standard set of keys into the control panel of a complex helicopter, and the W, A, D and S keys-- the keys which are commonly used to control a character-- w ere smudges and worn down compared to the rest of the clean new keys. The brand new high accuracy visual mouse glowed a dull reddish color, and sat on top of a cat-theme mouse pad Willis dad had bought.

No Stories to Tell :: Philosophy Experiences Papers

Trapped in a Fortune-Cookie Factory with no Stories to TellDrawing on a distinction between primary and secondary start derived from J. J. Gibsons ecological psychology, Edward S. Reed argues that our psychosocial ills result from rampant degradation of opportunities for primary experience. That Reed slides easily from experience to information is less due to Gibsons psychology than to the spirit of the time in which he writes it is a truism that we live in an age of information, where every experience is an act of communication. But, as Reed notes, progress in information technology has been matched by fall behind in communication. We sp fetch up billions on a superhighway that carries every kind of information except the ecological information that allows us to experience things for ourselves. In a flesh familiar from cities shaped by automobiles, the line of this highway traces a virtually impermeable wall. While (sometimes) increasing access to processed information, it (almos t always) decreases access to ecological information. This is a pedagogical as advantageously as a perceptual problem my intent in this paper is to pose the problem clearly as a first step toward addressing it adequately. I wipe out nothing to say, and I am saying it. And that is poetry.John Cage, Lecture on Nothing (1)Not quite halfway through The Necessity of Experience, Edward S. Reed illustrates the control of ordinary people in contemporary society by calling to mind an old joke about a person trapped in a fortune-cookie factory whose only hope for escape is to send out messages inside the cookies. (2)Like most jokes, this one depends on an instantly recognizable account of piece experience. Its theme permeates the work of two great twentieth century writersSamuel Beckett and Franz Kafkawhose names are routinely transformed into adjectives to describe the human condition at the end of the century. Reed finds it disconcerting that the image conveyed by this jokestripped of a ny pretense at humoris nowadays often used to describe our lives. (3)That uncomplete Beckett nor Kafka abandoned humorboth deepened the humor of this joke until it became inescapably bleakis a point to which I will return later when I run short from Reeds diagnosis to his prescription. But first the diagnosis.Reeds argument is laid out with admirable clarity in his prologue, A Plea for Experience the psychosocial ills that beset many of us todaywhat historian Eric Hobsbawm calls the increasing barbarism of daily lifestem largely from the degradation of opportunities for primary experience that is rampant in all develop and developing societies.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Essay -- essays research pape

move over Systems Interconnection (OSI) ModelThis memorandum will attempt to explain the Open Systems Interconnection Model, known more simply as the OSI Model. The OSI Model has seven levels, and these levels will be discussed in detail. Particular mention will be do to which level TCP/IP functions with the OSI Model.The seven levels of the OSI Model are as follows7) Application Provides different services to the applications.6) Presentation Converts the information.5) Session Handles problems which are not dialogue issues.4) Transport Provides end to end communication control.3) Network Routes the information in the network.2) Data Link Provides error control between adjacent nodes.1) Physical Connects the entity to the infection media.In simple terms, the OSI model defines a net running(a) framework for implementing protocols. Is defines seven levels to accomplish this. Control is passed from one level to the next, starting at the Application level (Level Seven) and working it s way through the levels until it reaches and completes Level One, the Physical level. Once this cycle has been completed, control moves to the next station on the network and back up the hierarchy.Since the process begins at the seventh level, the Application level, it will be detailed first. As its name implies, this Application level supports applications, but it also supports other end-user processes. User authentication and privateness on the network is consid...

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Essay -- essays research pape

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) archetypeThis memorandum will attempt to explain the Open Systems Interconnection Model, known more simply as the OSI Model. The OSI Model has sevener levels, and these levels will be discussed in detail. Particular mention will be made to which level TCP/IP functions with the OSI Model.The seven levels of the OSI Model ar as follows7) Application Provides different services to the applications.6) Presentation Converts the discipline.5) Session Handles problems which are not communication issues.4) Transport Provides end to end communication control.3) Network Routes the information in the network.2) Data Link Provides error control between adjacent nodes.1) Physical Connects the entity to the transmission media.In simple terms, the OSI model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols. Is defines seven levels to accomplish this. Control is passed from one level to the next, starting at the Application level (Level Seven) and worki ng its way through the levels until it reaches and completes Level One, the Physical level. Once this pass has been completed, control moves to the next station on the network and back up the hierarchy.Since the process begins at the seventh level, the Application level, it will be detailed first. As its name implies, this Application level supports applications, but it also supports other end-user processes. User authentication and privacy on the network is consid...

Lbj Paper

Nicole Curtis 4/15/10 APUS LBJ DBQ Essay President Lyndon B. Johnson and his administration passed some(prenominal) legislations and supported many programs that attempted to repair the numerous political, economic, and social occupations of the United States during the 1960s. His administration responded to most of the problems effectively, but with the issue of civil rights, for example, they didnt always make the problems to the best of their ability. But most importantly was his attack on the war on poverty. morsels, like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, assisted citizens of the US by attacking the war on poverty and creating opportunities for the children of the future. Minorities, like African Americans, had trouble gaining political power. Primarily, blacks were fighting for their protection to vote and an increase in their influence in politics. For instance, some African Americans got to give outher and created freedom organizations known as the Black Panther Party in order to repre move their strength and dignity of their husbandry (doc. C).They didnt have any legitimate successes in their fight for their political rights. Johnson and his administration, therefore, admitted the 24th amendment. This prohibited the poll tax which was a discriminatory tax that was indispensable in order to exercise the ability to vote. Also, the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965, which outlawed the discriminatory voting practices that were responsible for the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the US. These laws and his support for blacks rights were powerfully influential and beneficial to the United States. LBJs (Lyndon B.Johnsons) most influential response to the problems of the United States was in his response to the war on poverty. The programs that he passed helped the poverty problem through the economical and social aspect of it. Economically, his programs boosted money into the economy and improved the education for citizens so that they could make more money in their future. Socially, it improved the conditions of the urban cities as well as decreasing the gap between the rich and poor by heavily helping the poor. Specifically, he aided in with the health care concern for United States citizens (doc.A). Medicare and Medicaid were created which provided federal aid to the elderly and poor for medic al expenses. Also the Economic Opportunity Act improved and increase the number of educational programs, gave money to the youth through Job Corps, and gave volunteers to troubled communities to provide educational and social services (doc. B). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the Model Cities Program also were formed during Johnsons presidency. The Model Cities Program redeveloped the urban city. This attempted to improve the conditions for the poor who lived in the city.Prior to Johnsons aid, many heap felt sick of poor people demonstrations (doc. G). So, Johnsons main goal was to improve the pov erty problem in the US which he did successfully. Between 1960 and 1970, the dower of non-whites that fell below poverty level decreased from 53. 3% to 32. 0% (doc. H). Also the percentage of whites that fell below the poverty line decreased from 18. 1% to 9. 9% during the 60s. Clearly, his programs were effective. Socially, blacks had many problems regarding their human and civil rights. They continued to fight for them throughout the 60s.Johnson supported this and passed the civilized Rights Act of 1964. This piece of legislation outlawed the application of unsymmetrical voter requirements and segregation in schools, work, and public places. He also facilitated the March on Washington. He, as well as Governor Wallace of Alabama, federalized the Alabama National Guard, and sent an additional 2200 troops from the U. S. Army to protect the marchers. His wide support for the civil rights movement was great, but still many blacks were being discriminated against due to the lack of e nforcement of the Civil Rights Act in specific areas.His administration had the ability to do great things, yet they only did good things in response to the civil rights issue. Lyndon B. Johnson and his administration, made it possible for either child of every color to grow up in a nice house, to eat a solid breakfast, to attend a decent school, and to get a good and lasting job (doc. F). Johnson did this through his many successful programs like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. He repaired many of the political, economic, and social problems of the US in the 60s effectively.

Strength and Weaknesses of Ontological Argument

The Ontological tilt was, and still is, a hot-topic for debate among philosophers many famous philosophers have published criticisms of the theory including Immanuel Kant and St. Thomas Aquinas. This ostensibly raises questions regarding whether or non this course works.While there is no clear-cut answer to these questions, I personally believe that the negatives of this argument outweigh the positives, thereby making it a weak argument. The first published criticism of Anselms Ontological argumentation was from Gaunilo in his disc In Behalf of the Fool (making reference to the fool in the book of psalms who didnt believe in beau ideal).While Gaunilo was a firm believer in God (and was in fact a monk), he disagreed strongly with Anselms method for proving his existence. His problem is with the strand of Anselms argument which is put forward in Chapter Two of Proslogion.While Anselm claimed that the God, who is defined as blameless, essential exist because an existent God is better than a non-existent God meaning that if he didnt exist, he wouldnt be perfect and therefore, wouldnt be God, Gaunilo applied this logic to the pillow slip of a Perfect Island.If the perfect Island didnt exist in the real world, it would be a contradiction in terms to call it the perfect Island. By this logic, the perfect Island must exist seeing as if it didnt exist, it wouldnt be perfect1. We obviously live that the Perfect Island does not in fact exist and, by Gaunilos reasoning, Anselms argument doesnt work if it doesnt work with parallel arguments, it doesnt work in the example of God. This criticism is very astute and, therefore, soberly weakens the argument and its effectiveness.However, Anselm directly responded to his contemporary Gaunilos criticism in an attempt to defend his argument and its ideals. Firstly, Anselm pointed out the fact the example of the Island (or any other examples for that matter) do not work because it, unlike God, is contingent and not at al l necessary its existence relies on the Earth and the Sea and it would have been entirely practicable for it never to have existed. God, however, must exist and depends on the existence of nothing else.Moreover, Anselm goes on to say that the perfect Island is impossible to define will it become more(prenominal) perfect as it gets bigger? God, however, is specifically defined by Anselm allowing the Ontological Argument to be applicable to him.This response deals with the criticism well and manages to re-strengthen the Ontological Argument to some degree. Another philosopher who disagreed with Anselms Ontological Argument was St. Thomas Aquinas. Again, he believed in God but disagreed with Anselms argument proving his existence.Aquinas raises questions about Gods self-evident existence. He claims that things can be self-evident in two ways in itself and both in itself and to us even though something whitethorn exist self-evidently in itself, this self-evidence may not be known to u s as humans and therefore, its existence would not be self-evident to us.This is barely what Aquinas proposes God to be. God is self-evident in himself because he is his own essence. However, seeing as this essence is unknown to us (as we do not know enough about him), the statement God exists is not self-evident to us.This, again, is another criticism which holds weight against the Ontological Argument, bring outing a glaring weakness in its logic. A third philosopher who published a criticism on the Ontological Argument (though in this case it was directed towards Descartes version of the argument which was published some(prenominal) centuries after Anselms in 1641) was Pierre Gassendi. In Descartes version of the Ontological Argument published in his Meditations, he claimed that God was entirely perfect and, as a result, must possess every possible perfection including the perfection of existence.Gassendi believed that this logic didnt work because if a thing doesnt exist, it is neither perfect nor imperfect it merely doesnt exist. Therefore, if God doesnt exist, this logic could not possibly be applied to him in an attempt to prove his existence.Descartes published a response to this criticism. In this response, he claimed that God could not be compared to anything else, proposing that the relationship and essence is manifestly quite different in the case of God from what it is in the case of a triangle it is a part of Gods essence to exist.While this does respond directly to Gassendis criticism, it does not particularly strengthen the argument seeing as Descartes gives no reason as to why Gods existence is a part of his essence he merely states that it is true. as yet another philosopher who published a criticism of the Ontological Argument was Immanuel Kant.Kant (who was an atheist) published a book called A Critique of Pure Reason in which he attempted to contradict both Descartes and Anselms versions of the Ontological Argument in two different wa ys.In his first argument, Kant begins by hypothetically accepting that existing is and so a specify predicate of God (which both Descartes and Anselm claim it is). He then goes on to argue that, even if this were true, there would be no contradiction in altogether rejecting the concept of God.For example, you may understand that having a single horn on its head is a defining predicate of a unicorn. However, this does not mean that it would be contradictory to not believe in unicorns or magical horses with horns.By this logic, you could also claim that you agree that if God did indeed exist, he would needs exist but that you do not believe in God or his necessity without contradicting yourself. In Kants second argument, he attacks the Ontological Argument at its base by claiming that existing could not possibly be considered as a defining predicate as it does nothing to change the comment of the being in question two people one of whom believes in unicorns and one who doesnt wo uld most likely share the same idea of what a unicorn is.While these two people would disagree on whether or not unicorns were real, they would not disagree on what a unicorn was. Therefore, it is impossible to say that existing is a defining predicate of God because it adds nothing to the definition of God.Overall, therefore, while the Ontological Argument is by all means a sound theory to some degree, the criticisms which highlight so many of the arguments weaknesses show how the theory is weaker than in it is strong.

Machiavelli vs. George W. Bush

Machiavelli Vs. George W. scrub The Bush Administration was a very controversial topic afterwards the terrorist attacks on 9/11/01. While some people said, It was the right thing to do, others believed it was an outrage, and blamed Bushs ideas on former, dictator-like philosophers. Niccolo Machiavelli was a famous governmental philosopher, who was in my opinion, the most similar to the Bush Administration. Machiavellis ideas on civil liberties, what government is supposed to provide and protect against, sovereignty, and how public morality and private interest crossbreed in deciding who makes policy is very similar to Bush.Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a story, The Prince, which had drastically changed his view in political leadership. After the terrorist attacks Bush also had a drastic change in political views. Bush went from focusing on health care and taxes, to preventing terrorist attacks, going to war, and creating agencies to help the U. S stay safe. Bush took drastic go to p rotect the homeland and its interests abroad.He created a new cabinet-level agency, the Department of Homeland Security this consolidated 20 agencies under one cabinet umbrella. President Bush believed that lot to build free and prosperous societies (including Afghanistan and Iraq), the U. S and its allies would succeed in making America more secure and the world more peaceful (u-s-history. com, 18). Bush also proposed a very controversial Patriot Act, which had given the intelligence and law enforcement communities powerful tools to enhance their anti-terrorism mandate.Machiavelli believed that The Prince should have constant readiness for war, and that it is not likely to suppose that one who is fortify with obey willingly one who is unarmed or that any unarmed man will remain safe among armed servants (pg. 151, 1c, 2p, Ebenstein). The Patriot Act was controversial manly because the increased surveillance and investigation capabilities seemed to go against some of our guarantee d rights of the Constitution.Machiavelli had two goals for his story, one, to get back into government work and two, a call for stability of an Italian nation state (free from religious or secular foreign rule). The Bush administration countered that under the threat of terrorist attacks in American cities and against American interests worldwide, previous defensive tactics were inadequate. Offensive action in the form of intelligence gathering and pre-emptive strikes against threatening regimes were deemed appropriate under the circumstances. Machiavelli believed in totally two types of governments monarchies, and republics.Tyranny is included in monarchy and is a rulers virtue to adapting to the situation (lion and fox). The masses are happy with the arrangement because they are either affright or scared by the tyrant. Republics based on law, governed with the interest of most citizens, all classes have a chance of serving in government involvement between classes- deflect indi vidual ambition. In Machiavellis eyes, Bush is portrayed more of a Republican. Machiavelli blottoly believed it was safer to be feared rather than loved. Power must be the main positive concept in a Prince.He urges princes not to help others, be stingy, cruel, deceptive, and to get others to do the dirty work so they can send blame, yet he doesnt believe in neither good nor evil. His mindset is very confusing, and very contradictory. Machiavelli strongly followed the story of Cesare Borgia de Orco and how he used power as a means of attaining individual ends. Right after this Machiavelli reveals that he condemns those who use violence to destroy governments even as he praises those founders who establish strong monarchies and republics.

Memo Short Report

The recent conflict in FinanceGates Project was definitely harmful to the over each achiever of the project and the spirit of cooperation InternetGates Company tries to promote among its employees. From my viewpoint as that of a third party, I see the issue as a communication hassle created by bulwarks that often stand between employees from different backgrounds. The solution can action directed at improving communication skills of our employees in various departments. point-blank Brown, Marketing Manager for FinanceGates, as it turned out, had long been confident that the course taken by the project is completely wrong and doomed to fail. His impression of the ideas prep ar forward by the Project Manager, Brian Graham, had long been negative, as he believed them to be both ineffective and unrealistic. However, for privation of communication skills expressed in shyness and hero-worship to lose rapport with the head, Frank was reluctant to share this with him. In this conversa tion, however, he simply exploded, telling Brian Graham all the negatives he had in mind.I personally witnessed this conversation and can reproduce it fairly precisely as it was etched upon my memory. Frank began by reporting about his findings during the preparation of the marketing plan. As he was sharing his insights, Brian erstwhile again expressed his dissatisfaction over delays in Franks work. He stated Once again, you are not able to live up to the deadline for your marketing plan. I just remind you that our company places special emphasis on meeting deadlines, as I have already told you more than once.Frank seemed very frustrated by this remark and began to justify himself by saying that facts that would bear out the current direction of business are very saturated to find. In essence, what he has produced so far was a brief study of the market that describeed limited opportunities for the kind of product the company expected to sell and consequently turning it into a plan will be difficult, not impossible. In his speech, Frank complained about the boss limiting his initiative and lacking flexibility.The boss was listening to Franks tirade silently, showing signs of anger with his facial expression. However, he did not interrupt Frank who seemed really carried a federal agency with his emotions. When Frank seemed do with his speech, Brian said Okay, I have listened to you, and now you will listen to me. You have to be ready with your plan in three days. If you have nothing to show on Friday at noon, we will have to talk about your prospects in this company. Because one thing I want everybody to follow is take a incontrovertible attitude toward work and strive to complete every assignment with maximum quality. You do not seem to have it, but maybe I am wrong.Both parties in the conversation obviously had their skeletons in the cupboards and reasons why they wanted to conceal part of the information. I know, for example, that Franks is driven b y the perceived lack of rewards in this position. He confided in me at one point that in our organization he feels underpaid and misses the trappings of a managerial position, as in the previous melody he was head of a marketing department. His past record also involved numerous conflicts with superiors as he sought to defy their authority this was the way he learned to interact with superiors and it is not easy to abandon. His habits take arguing with the boss, not organism cooperative. In turn, Frank expects all superiors to hostile and critical toward him.His barrier to communication can be described as stereotyping that causes us to typify a person, a group, an event, or a thing on oversimplified conceptions, beliefs, and opinions (Erven, n.d., p. 3). Frank stereotypes all superiors as bulk with enormous amount of power they use to oppress subordinates. His stereotypical, habitual strategy is to offer resistance.Brians problem is most probably lack of understanding for human nature. Poor listening skills contribute to communication barriers. In previous conversations, he could have noticed Franks unwillingness to support his ideas, but never paid attention. It seems to me frequently that he places too much emphasis on authority and too little on persuasion. In this case, his slue was forcing an employee to do something in a rude manner, without asking for cooperation and testing willingness to help.To remedy the situation, both Brian and Frank require counselling that will help them change their communicative styles. Instead of showing quick aggression, they should both opt for communication patterns that will provide the room for the other persons self-esteem instead of being confrontational. Brian, for instance, can change his attitude to subordinates to a more positive one, beginning to see them as people who are inherently good and are arduous to accomplish their tasks effectively instead of accusing them of being lazy or inadequate. For Frank, i t can be recommended that he, too, stop seeing the boss as an enemy and or else as one who can provide assistance to him.I also propose that InternetGates organize a training for project managers and, if possible, their teams focusing on communication. The topics could include communication styles, communicative strategies, barriers to effective communication, and how to overcome them. Learning more about differences in cross-cultural communication will also be relevant to our employees since we are an international company. Trainings would provide managers with a background in communication that would help them resolve day-to-day conflicts that arise out of misunderstandings.Sincerely,Peter BlackReferencesErven, B. Overcoming Barriers to Communication. Retrieved August 9, 2006, from http//aede.osu.edu/people/erven.1/HRM/communication.pdfHampton, J. (2006, May 8). Barriers to Communication. Retrieved August 9, 2006, from http//www.community4me.com/barriers.html

Infant Toddler Curriculum Essay

Developmental domains are one way to describe and think about the different aspects of nurture in the areas of motional physical, social, cognitive and language skills of young children. And while we use the domains as a way to organize our thinking and observations of children, in reality whole domains are function together simultaneously, especially in the first three years of life. This holistic victimization is separated into the exploitational domains for the purpose of observation, study, developmental assessment, and cooking (Blackboard, 2013). Therefore, it is important to understand how the developmental domains relate to the three themes of infant development in order to provide DAP manage and activities for children in all(prenominal) stage of arly childhood development. For instance, an understanding of the young infant stage, babies develop a sense of security from their attentiongivers. It is this sense of security, that allows the baby to build an urge to exp lore, later motivating them to take risks and upgrade their current knowledge of their environment. This may require removing all sharp objects from the area and covering electrical outlets and ensuring.However, prepping the room for child gumshoety is not the only concern. It is pressing to play close attention, and respond to the needs of young infants. Nery oung children need adults who listen, smile, and talk with them or babble when they babble watch for when they need quiet and solitude and remonstrate and communicate pleasure over such newfound skills as creeping, climbing, holding, dropping, or adding new sounds and words (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 61). An understanding of the mobile stage of development will raise one aware of the safety precautions needed to allow mobile yearlings to explore the environment.Mobile infants often explore by mouthing and must be protected from base parts and fragile toys. In addition a rich encyclopaedism enviro nment for mobile nfants should include safe structures to climb and explore. Moving around is immanent to involveing it gives babies different perspective and vantage points, which they need in order to move from an entirely egocentric view of space toward a more in advance(p) sense ot relationship between selt, space, and other people (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 53). An understanding of the toddler stage of development enables caring adults to guide and assist young childrens horny development. The first two years of a persons life can set the foundation for the way hey create relationships, view others, and understand emotions and how to avow them. A toddlers sense of self, of I and me, emerge in a group environment and a culture which private property and the encyclopedism of things are somewhat scared. This makes the learning of related concepts like mine particularly challenging (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 9). Toddlers learn abou t who they are in the world through relationships and experiences with adults who care for them. They learn to trust that their needs will be met, or that they will not. The motional domain includes the infants perception of herself and of herself in relation to others. (Blackboard, 2013). The virtually important thing a caregiver can do to help a toddlers emotional development is to create a safe and loving environment for the toddler to learn in. Caregivers should understand that each toddler is different and has different needs.Attending to each individual child in a well- make and inviting learning environment is subjective during his stage primaeval childhood development. Infant Toddler Curriculum Because of the specific needs of infants and toddlers the term course of study is during he early stages of development is complex. To summarize all of the ideas of curriculum, as defined by leaders in the field (Gonzalez-Mena, Eyer, Dodge, Greenman, Stonehouse, Schwikert, Swim, a nd Watson), you must think about curriculum as an organized framework.To make curriculum DAP for infant and toddlers, it must be based on sound and relevant knowledge such as infant/ toddler development and research so that it guides early care professional practices in providing purposeful and responsive learning opportunities for each child through daily routines and experiences (Blackboard, 2013) Infant and toddler curriculum plans focus on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-initiated and child-pursued learning.The interests of the child and the belief that each child has a curriculum are what drive practice (Blackboard, 2013). It is understood that very young children need to play a significant role in selecting their learning experiences, materials, and content. Curriculum plans, therefore, do not focus on games, tasks, or activities, but on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-in itiated and child- ursued learning and the building and sustaining of positive relationships among adults and children. Responsive curriculum planning focuses on finding strategies to help infant-toddler teachers search for, support, and keep alive childrens internal motivation to learn, and their spontaneous explorations of people and things of interest and importance to them (Blackboard, 2013). This should aim with study of the specific children in care. Detailed records of each childs interests and skills are kept to give guidance to the adults for the roles they will take in each childs learning Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). It should also be realized from the start that plans should not be static.Adaptation and change are critical parts of the learning process and should be anticipated. Once an interaction with a child or small cluster of children begins, the teacher has to be ready to adapt his or ner plans and actions so they work tor all children, n o matter what kind ot physical , mental or emotional challenges individual bring to the program (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). Another essential fraction of planning s attention to a responsive learning environment and specific attention to how environments should be changed.The planning of learning environments is more important to infant-toddler development than specific lessons or specific activities. The environment must be seen as part of the curriculum, creating interest and encouraging and supporting exploration (Blackboard, 2013). Research has shown that much of how infants and toddlers learn best comes not from specific adult- directed lessons but from teachers knowing how to maximize opportunities for each child to use natural learning inclinations.The philosophy of routine care as learning opportunities for infants and toddlers is based on the premise that, Relationships develop through all kinds of interactions, but especially during ones that h appen while adults are carrying out those essential activities of daily living sometimes called caregiving routines (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 5), such as feeding, diapering toilet training/learning washing bathing and grooming dressing napping. For caregiving routines to become curriculum, they cant be done mechanically.

How Does Phonics Develop Early Reading?

How does phonics develop early look ating and how should phonics be taught? The most all important(predicate) skill any child can leave primary school with is the force to read independently and strongly for meaning. (DFE National Literacy Strategy) Reading has become an integral part of our lives within the world we live in to daytime we bank to a great extent on information and environmental text. It is important that from an early age Children are immersed in books everyday.With parents reading short stories to there children daily it allow be inevitable that those children will stand a better chance at becoming stronger fluent readers. However distractions at home can have a pernicious affect on childrens development in reading as parents may not have enough time to answer this. Many subjects rely on access to texts and an holdup or absence in basic literacy skills will effect progress in these areas. Phonics is a method of teaching muckle to read by correlating sound s with symbols in an alphabetic writing system. (Oxford Dictionaries) Phonics is not something new and has been used in schools to help children involve and read since the mid nineteenth vitamin C (Browne 2011, 27) Although it had become less significant within schools during 1950s it has continued to appear in practice within schools since. Within this essay I will be looking at into the role of Phonics within teaching children to read while also looking at the different phonic systems in place and choosing the most effective one.I will be talking about the theory I have learned as well as my experience in schools while on placement with my footing two class. There are two methods of teaching phonics in the classroom both Synthetic Phonics and Analytical Phonics. I will be concentrating more on Synthetic Phonics as it is considered to be the best method for teaching reading. (DfE 2010, p11) Children are taught to read and spell during the same period. They are taught the indiv idual correspondences amid sounds that are known as phonemes and written letters, which are known as graphemes.An example of this would be h-a-t = hat. They can also use this technique to pull by those sounds that would help with spelling of words. For example hat = h-a-t. (Rowlingson) Whereas Analytical phonics is the complete opposite as they will start with a whole word and analyse a part of it. In English there are 44 sounds (Phonemes) which are written use 26 letters of the alphabet (Browne 2011, p27) There are many more Graphemes than Phonemes with most phonemes being represented by a number of different graphemes. Synthetic phonics can be taught in many ways.The Primary manikin for Literacy (DfES, 2006a) gives a progressive plan on how to teach phonics. I found during my time with Foundation year 2s the teacher I was running(a) with concentrated on implementing four new letters every week as well as recapping what they had learnt from the previous week. I asked her if it worked well and she certainly seemed to judge so. Before she would be doing a new letter a day, although this would allow her to teach at a good pace she noticed the children were struggling to record all the letters and sounds they would learn.Because of this she had to revise the way she was teaching the phonics to go at a pace the children were comfortable with. She revised her plan so that every day her children would recap over the letters they had previously been taught. I noticed that save much planning was in place that it was always best to go by how the children would cope and over time you will become familiar with the class you are working with and this will come naturally.Once the alphabetic code has been taught you will advancement to more complex graphemes and simple consonant-vowel-consonant words to much more complex CVC words. This will give the children a good understanding of being able to read and write these. It also allows them to then combine what they h ave learnt from the sounds into whole words. This however doesnt always work with all words that are known as phonically irregular also known as tricky words as they do not comply to the phonics rules that are being taught.An example of this will be l-i-g-h-t, which clearly wont make much sense when viewed from a phonics demonstrate of view. These words will be learnt by rote, which is a memorizing process using repetition where the teacher feels appropriate based on how successful the child is at reading. By understanding these procedures of reading it is possible to decode entirely unacquainted with(predicate) words. From my experience within my Foundation year two class I learnt that it was important to keep the phonics lessons short, with around thirty minutes a day commit to this.Some people may believe that because it was only a short period of time to cover phonics the lesson will be very restricted with the children having to take in all the information they are being giv en by the teacher with no participation. While being on placement I witnessed first muckle exactly what happens in the typical Phonics lesson it would start with Fast phonics first where the children would watch a musical animation of the alphabet being sang out with the children lovely and singing along.The lesson then covers what the children had learnt the previous week in a short recap while then covering the new letters. This can be make in many ways. The teacher often puts the new letter on the interactive board and plays magic finger which sees the children watch the letter being emaciated in the air with her finger and gets the children to copy this and then write this down on there own individual whiteboards which keeps them involved.This way it allows the children to experience an engaging lesson that they will remember, its also important that the teacher recaps on the letters the following day so that the children will keep the letters in there minds much longer. ev erywhere my six weeks I saw that the lessons would get gradually harder which follows what The Primary Framework Literacy (DfES,2006a) plan states.The diagraphs such as consonant diagraphs where two consonants join together to let on a single sound the most popular being ch sh and th Vowel diagraphs can also be used such as ai ea and oo etc by using these as well as CVC words it will help with the childrens understanding and knowledge of reading. A structure is very important when teaching Phonics and in Jim Roses independent review of the teaching of early reading many people agree with this. The review itself was conducted during 2005 with Jim Rose produce his discovery early the following year.He talks about how phonics should be taught at the age of 5 years from foundation until year 2 and beyond. It should be dogmatic carefully planned and progressive which fits well to my observations while on placement. It should also be taught discretely daily at a brisk pace with the mai n point being that children are learning to decode and encode print. The key point from this Rose review however is that it is part of a broad, rich curriculum heart and soul it should be used in all areas of teaching the children and not something that is separate.Another scheme would be that of Michael Gove Secretary of state for education who stated A solid foundation in reading is crucial to a childs success as they progress through primary school, into secondary school and then in later life (Michael Gove 2012) He talks about how expected reading levels of ages 7 and 11 are simply not achieving with the government are looking to raise the standard of reading in the early years of primary school, his idea is that he wants children to read to learn information rather than reading to learn to read. We are determined to raise literacy standards in our schools, especially of those not achieving the expected level a light-touch phonics-based check will provide reassurance that chil dren in Year 1 have learned this important skill, will enable us to pinpoint those who are struggling at an early age and will give them the help they need before it is too late. (Michael Gove 2012) Systematic Synthetic Phonics is an extremely valuable program that works effectively within the reading and writing of childrens lives however It should be used alongside other strategies such as analytical I briefly mentioned earlier this is because every child is different and just because something works well for one child doesnt always mean its the same for every child. With other strategies it will help every child no matter what the ability maybe. By using more than one program, most topics will be covered that suit the child. Phonic knowledge can be taught in many ways (DfES,2006a). Word Count 1490

History of the Old Testament Essay

Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a scar Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. He will eat curds and honey at the magazine He knows enough to wane horror and choose good. For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good, the land whose 2 kings you dread will be forsaken. I. Historical context of Isaiah 714-16The historical setting is critical to the account since the prophesier supplies it and the oracle draws on its timing. With a close study of the events referred to we may cadence the oracle in this chapter to 734 B. C. (Ross,Allen) It was when the ruthless Assyrian conqueror, on the throne is Tiglathpileser III, a ruthless and powerful king was terrorizing the all other nations, and Judah, unwilling to join in a coalition against him, was attacked by Israel and Syria, the ancient Aramaea , with its main city in Damascus, and Ephraim, the northern Israelite state, with its main city Samaria and ther efore, King Ahaz when he heard of this coalition was thinking poorly of inviting Assyrian help(Tiglathpileser III).It must be pointed out that the whole purpose was to dissuade King Ahaz from embarking a wrong course of action, namely, that of relying upon Assyria rather than upon the Lord. In the name of Jehovah, it was this moment the prophet commences with a historical announcement. Isaiah 71 says It came to pass, in the days of Ahaz son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Aramaea, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to struggled Jerusalem to war against it, and could not make war against it.The Syrian king Rezin had come up against Jerusalem and with him was Pekah of Israel. Their purpose was to wage war, but unable to besiege it the prophecy of the chapter is surprisingly accurate. The abridgeboard that a boy was roughly to be born is the pivotal point. Before he would be old enough to tell right from wrong, that is, about 12 years old, the enemies would not just now be defeated but cease to exist. According to history, Shalmaneser V (the successor to Tiglathpileser) campaigned against the land and besieged Samaria.He died in the duration and was succeeded by Sargon II who completed the destruction of the northern state in 722 or 721 B. C. So the oracle in Isaiah 7 could be date about twelve years before that destruction in 722 B. (Ross, Allen ) II. Literary Context of Isaiah 714-16 Therefore the Lord Himself give you a sign Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son, and she will call His name Immanuel. He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good.The word therefore signifies that something had taken place before the incident forwarded here in verse 14, and inasmuch as the wicked king in hypocritical fashion rejects the opportunity of asking for a sign, then he lost the privilege of asking a sign in his own favor. Instead the Lord Himself will give a sign, and this one of His own choosing, announcing the birth of a wondrous Child as the sign of deliverance, and making the infancy of that Child the measure of the time that Judah is yet to suffer affliction, before the time of deliverance will come.Yet as we ache seen because of Ahaz skepticism after the comfortable promises made to him as a weapon of the house of David, what took place was a terrible threatening against him, as a degenerate branch of that house for though the beau ideal was patience and His loving kindness shall not be utterly taken away, for the sake of David and the covenant made with, yet his shabbiness shall be dealt with the rod, and his sin with stripes. In fulfillment of the prophecy, the Egyptians and the Assyrians filled the land in their war with each other.Devastation from this war severely tested the hatful, so that postcode grew in the fields, and the survivors had to rely on curds and honey. This led up to and included the invasion of 701 B. C. under Sennacherib, the next Assyrian king, when Hezekiah was on the throne in Jerusalem, and 200,000 people from Judah were carried off into captivity. As we shall see, the details of the Assyrian crisis are very accurately prophesied in these oracles (Ross, Allen_______& Young, E. J. 1993). III. Commentary on Isaiah 714-16Isaiah 714 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. Since the King did not ask for a sign that the land shall be delivered from the enemies, Yahweh will picture one unasked. Yahweh will not withhold it because a proud and contemptuous King refuses to seek it. The LORD himself, He will do it and not hindered though it is rejected and despised he will do it because of its necessity for the welfare of the nation, and for the confirmation of his religion, to furnish a demonstration to the people that he is the only authorized God.It is clearly implied here, that the emphas is is that the sign should be such as Yahweh alone could give. If this refers to the birth of a child, then it means that this was an event which could be known only to God, and which could be accomplished only by his agency. If it refers to the miraculous conception and birth of the Messiah, then it means that that was an event which none but God could accomplish. Shall give you, generally refers to the house of David the king and royal family of Judah. It was especially designed to assure the government that the realm would be safe.Doubtless, however, the word you is designed to include the nation, or the people of the kingdom of Judah. It would be so public a sign, and so clear a demonstration, as to convince them that their city and land must be ultimately safe. A sign, a pledge a token an evidence of the fulfillment of what is predicted. The word does not, of necessity, denote a miracle, though it is often so applied see the notes at Isaiah 711. But rather it means a proof, a demonstration, a certain indication that what he had said should come to its fulfillment.Behold this interjection serves to delimitate persons and things places and actions. It is used in lively descriptions, and animated discourse or when anything unusual was said, or occurred it means, that an event was to occur which demanded the attention of the unbelieving King, and the regard of the people-an event which would be a full demonstration of what the prophet had said. A virgin, it is used in its obvious natural sense, to denote a young, unmarried female. The derivatives are applied to spring chicken to young men to young women-to those who are growing up, and becoming youths.This virgin as used in his word properly means a girl, maiden, virgin, a young woman who is unmarried, and who is of marriageable age. And shall call his name, it was usual for mothers to give names to their children. The idea is, it is the appropriate name that would be given to the child. Although another name was overly given to this child, expressing substantially the same thing, with a circumstantial difference. Immanuel a Hebrew name which means God with us the name is designed to denote that God would be with the nation as its protector, and the birth of this child would be a sign or pledge of it.The name, Immanuel, denotes nothing more than divine aid and protection. Others have supposed, however, that the name must denote the assumption of our nature by God in the person of the Messiah, that is, that God became man. The true interpretation is, that no argument to usher that can be derived from the use of the name but when the fact of the incarnation has been demonstrated from other sources, the name is appropriately expressive of that event. ( Barnes, 1997). Isaiah 715 He will eat curds and honey at the time He knows enough to refuse evil and choose good.(NASV) Young( ), showed that the infancy of the promised Messiah is made the measure of the time that Judah will be in da nger from her two enemies. This thought namely, namely the duration of a period of difficulty, is expressed symbolically in that Immanuel iws pictured as subsisting during His infancy on curds and honey, which was symbolical royal diet. From the time of His birth, supposedly, the Child will eat this peculiar food, and at the time when He can discern in the midst of good and evil, rejecting the one and choosing the other, He will be eating these things.At an early age a child learns to reject evil and to choose good, or at least to distinguish between the two. Thus, by means of this measure, we learn that the affliction or destruction of the two enemy kings is short-lived, possibly only two or three years. The reference may be to what is injurious or useful in life but in the light of the usage of this set phrase in Genesis 2, it clearly refers also to what is morally good and evil. Isaiah 716 For before the boy will know enough to refuse evil and choose good, the land whose two k ings you dread will be forsaken.(NASV) The land that you dread, the land concerning which thou art so much alarmed or broken that is, the united land of Syria and Ephraim. Refers to one land, because they were united then in a firm alliance, so as to constitute, in fact, or for the purposes of invasion and conquest, one people or nation. The phrase, which you dread, means properly, which thou loathes, the primary idea of the word being to tactual sensation a nausea, or to throw up. It then means to fear, or to feel alarm and this, probably, is the meaning here.Ahaz, however, evidently looked upon the nations of Syria and Samaria with disgust, as well as with alarm. The meaning of the land is that the kings themselves were the objects of dislike or dread and not merely that the two kings should be removed, but that the land itself was threatened with desolation. This construction is an exegetical kind which agrees with the idiom of the Hebrew. (Barnes, 1993) IV Summary of Isaiah 7 14-16 As a summary of these three verses it was shown that in verse 14 Isaiah made a proclamation that the Lord will give a sign.This seeing of the virgin is not with with the physical eyes, Isaiah have not seen the Messiah in His physical birth, but in mess. In vision, then, the prophet beholds the virgin with child. An in the birth of this son, the presence of God is manifest in a most unique way. The fourteenth verse constitutes a sure and a definite fulfillment of the prophecy of the birth of Immanuel. With verse 15 the prophet talk to show that the infancy of the Messiah a symbolical representation of the fact that the threat which overhung Judah would be short-lived.This he does by picturing the child in vision eating royal food (according to commentator Young which I prefer to use in this summary). The child will eat this food, symbol of threat and desolation yet before He reaches the age where He knows the difference between good and evil, the two kings which Ahaz dreads will forsake the land of Israel, and there will be nothing more for him to fear from them. The prophetical naming of this child having thus had its accomplishment, no doubt this, which was further added concerning him, should have its accomplishment likewise, that Syria and Israel should be deprived of twain their kings.One mercy from God encourages us to hope for another, if it engages us to prepare for another.BIBLIOGRAPHYBarnes Notes, Barnes and Nobles Commentary. Electronic Database. (Copyright (c) 1997 by Biblesoft) Ross, Allen. A Call for Faith and the Sign for Emmanuel. Bible. Org http//www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=2088 Young, E. J. The Book of Isaiah A Commentary. (MichiganWilliam B. Eerdsman Publishing Company, 1993)

Diversity and Education According Essay

Americas student cosmoss are increasingly reflective of an ethnically diverse society. However, we recognize that there are well-nigh(prenominal) major variables for improving the multicultural accommodation apparent in a school. Bruner and Vytgotsky lend this discussion some useful insight concerning such variables. Chief among them, the novelty of faculty, of learning content and of learning media all are presently relevant to the schools embrace of difference.As the immigrant population continues not only to farm but to diversify in the United States, our educational system, and indeed, our nation has in many contexts attempted to do a degree of cultural uniformity inclined to either assimilate or exclude succeeding(prenominal) cultures. Standardized testing, primed(p) curriculum design and poor representation amongst teachers and administrators of a diverse student population have all had the impact of white-washing Ameri move education.In the urban setting such as the incident at hand, this can be especially problematic, with such failures of institution causing vulnerable students to disengage. Vytgotsky contributes an important root to this discussion, referring us to the relevance of effective pedagogy in engaging such students. wiz of the best ship way to accomplish this is through group activity. We have a core understanding of the fact that diversity implies not just a diversity of ethnicity or culture but also of potential learning styles or strategy.Vytgotsky offers an effective way to use this diversity to the advantage of the classroom. Group activity is always an effective way to help distill strategies and strengths for individuals. By strategically grouping students according to aptitude and academic strength, we enable stronger learners to directly engage weaker learners in a way that helps to effectively communicate concepts and ideas in play. Vytgotsky essentially contends that there is repute to the less effective student o f existence partnered with a more skilled learner.This interaction can be beneficial to the aptitude of the former and can help the latter develop innate leadership skills. The reduce of such legislation as No Child remaining Behind does not leave a great deal of freedom or latitude for the urban school to engage in such activities however. There seems at present to be an impulse of standardization directly opposite the need for diversity celebration. Some of the root causes of the failure of our educational system to accommodate diversity as it cuts across fourfold demographic lines are resultant of the instruments used to promote student aptitude measurements.(McCarty, 1) Primarily, the ability or quest of teachers to accommodate diversity is stunted by the entrenched presence of institutional prejudices that shape testing standards, curricular design and instructional method in a way that embraces standardization, legislative mandate and procedural uniformity. (McCarty, 1) O ne of the most heavily-recognized and persistent of such conflicts may be observed still today in the genuine lack of equality in the cultural standards applied to teaching African Americans.Particularly, there is a unfathomed failure in the content choices which shape curricula such as those concerning literacy, history, policy and even the natural As part of a cyclical pattern which institutionally prevents our nonage populations from being loosed of such a proscribe spiral, students beholden thereto are either locked into curricula which are given a financial short-shrift and are thus, fortify with fewer qualified teachers, or are committed to districts where their cultural and ethnic perspectives are not being accounted for.This is a circumstance which regrettably continues today, with the current presidential administrations No Child Left Behind initiative imposing further dependence upon the diagnostic testing and grade-evaluation policies which have long been an summons of established educational patterns. The new education standards are given over to a cardinally correctional law that uses flawed standardized tests to label schools as failures and punish them with counterproductive sanctions. (Neill, 1) This is also a swell diversion in focus from that which Bruner argues is a priority for the diverse student bodies in our urban schools.The loving impact of the educational experience is, according to Bruner, a fundamental aspect of its quality. The students date in class will often be a function of his socialization. This provides a firm rationale for the critique of diversity standards in our educational system. Indeed, there is an inherent danger by way of this administrative approach of the loss of pragmatism, which often incorrectly attributes the challenges related to diversity as products of learning deficiencies.This constitutes a fundamental disservice to the student and, it is worth asserting, basic intellectual prejudice which gene rally stigmatizing the future opportunities availed to those of ethnic minority or immigrant status. In Bruners understanding, the socialization of a diverse student body will rattling promote learning rather than obstruct it. Therefore, as the ultimate resolution on the subject, our discussion inclines us to acknowledge as a basis of assumption that greater multicultural sensitivity is needed in the teaching of literacy, of the social sciences and of all disciplines on the individual level.Moreover, we resolve that both Bruner and Vytgotsky would find fault with the rigid and disruptive patterns of No Child Left Behind. Ultimately, the two provide theories which merge to suggest that diversity can be managed through flexible management of the classroom and educational experiences.Works CitedMcCarty, Teresa. (2005). Language, Literacy and Power In Schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Neill, Monty. (2003). move intot Mourn, Organize Rethinking Schools. Online at http//www. rethi nkingschools. org/special_reports/bushplan/nclb181. shtml

Which Nut Has More Energy

Running Head WHICH NUT Which Nut has More efficiency? Aidan J. eachuvial sediment Christ the King Many people ate pea crackpots such as explorers the ones that explored the colonies. They lived off of the types of nuts fully grown in the colonies. (The life and Times of a Peanut) Many people ate nuts such as walnuts, peanuts, and almonds. All of the nuts pack a ton of cipher inside. The testing was on which nut had practically cypher. It is necessary to test or experiment with the power of a nut, so people know how much energy each nut really holds, so they know which one to buy.In order to render a nuts energy, it is necessary to know the following terms and formulas. You may need to understand energy. Energy is a usable high temperature or power, powers something or someone. You may need to know temperature, a handbill of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard eggshell. (http//ww w. thefreedictionary. com) BTU means British thermal units, it means the quantity of heat mandatory to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 61 degrees Fahrenheit.I am using 125 ml, half a cup of water, which is equal 4. 17 ounces. The formula that I have for energy is, Energy= mass (125ml or half a cup, 4. 17 ounces) x increased temp flowerpot of the nut x 1000 (nut as in walnut or peanut) One is Celsius Celsius is the type of temperature standard in almost every other country except America. It was named after an astronomer he created the scale of temperature. The other is Fahrenheit Fahrenheit is mostly used in the U. S. It is a scale temperature which water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.Now for the things that argon being tested, A Peanut is a small prolate seed of South Ameri nookie plant, mostly roasted, salted, and eaten as a snack. Also called a one sown plant, grown on large farms. A nut is a ha rd shelled, one seeded proceeds like an acorn or hazel nut. You will also need to know what a graph is, a graph is a diagram that exhibits a relationship between different sets of numbers and items. (http//www. thefreedictionary. com) Many plants and crops ar grown organically and inorganically so that must be explained too.Organic means that the plants or crops are grown naturally without pesticides and any harmful chemicals. (http//www. thefreedictionary. com) This actually doesnt put on the peanut because it is hard shelled and no pests can get in. Inorganic means not made with any organic materials at all and is protected with man made items that are not always helpful to the environment. The plants are grown with pesticides and chemicals. Morgan D. Nagatani conducted the comparable type of experiment in 2002. She thought that the walnut would have the most energy and it did.She stuck the needle into the nut and burned it with a lighter, but she used a small bucket instead of a juice can. The walnut did show the highest BTU, with cashew in second (I did not test the cashew), and the almond in 3rd. These results caused me to be more interested in for walnut . It had the highest in my experiment. This also helped me explain BTU, British Thermal Units, and it did affect my experiment. There are some things were noticed in the experiment that I learned. The walnut had the most energy out of many different nuts.Also people wanted to know what Joules were and I found that they are also another measurement of energy and heat. Something that I noticed was that when I was testing the bottom of the can would turn black, so I needed to know if the soot on the bottom would effect the heat that it gave off, and it did so I had to clean the can after every trial. Many people tarryed the walnut because of its mass, and it was because it was grown inorganic plus very large so it can burn longer. In the by experiment the walnut also won the prize for nut with most energy. It relates to my experiment because it tells me which nut to expect to win.

Book Analysis of Oliver Twist

1. The title of this novel is O springyr Twist and it was write by Charles Dickens. It was first published in Nov. of 1838. 2. Main Characters First of the main characters is, of course, O resilientr Twist. He was born(p) in a parish workhouse where his mother died during the birth. A lady named Sally was present while he was born and when his mammary gland died, she took from his mom a ring and a locket. Then he was sent to an infant out-of-the-way(prenominal)m until he was 9 years old when he was put back into the workhouse. in that respect the orphans argon mistreated and greedy and when he asked for more food at super he was branded a troublemaker and they finishered him to be apprenticed by anyone who lacked him. He was then apprenticed by an undertaker, but he ran onward to London because he fought with the undertakers son who mocked his mothers death and was beaten for fighting. There in London he lives on the streets until a boy gives him a place to stay. When he goes he is thrown into a band of thieves under a man named Fagin. He doesnt like the iniquity of steeling that he witnesses and is falsely accused of.He is taken in by the victim of the theft who treats him surface and cares for him until Oliver is kidnapped and delivered back to Fagin. There are many more unfortunate events in his life, but in the demolition it turns out good for Oliver. I believe Dickens wrote the tarradiddle to show that the surroundings that mickle live in can turn them into criminals instead of the belief that batch are just born that way. Oliver shows this because his milieu was always trying to turn him bad, but one could clearly see that he didnt want to be a criminal and did not agree with the lifestyle and in the end he neer became one.The other main character in the book is Fagin. It is rumored that Charles Dickens was anti Semitic because of this character, but those claims are untrue. This was because Fagin was referred to as the Jew and many of his features were that he was ugly due to many stereotypes of the way Jewish battalion look. Anyway, in the book this man is a terrible person who manipulated people for his own gain, aroundly for money. In the story he was always trying to manipulate Oliver into becoming one of his thieves like the rest of the children he took off of the street.I believe that out of all the characters within this book, Fagin has to be the worst of them all because of how he pervert the minds of the children to do his dirty work. I believe that he represents what is wrong with society and he himself is influenced by his environment because he isnt very educated and misfortunate so the only way to personate money, in his mind, is to steel it. 3. The setting of this novel was during the early nineteenth century in England. In this epoch the industrial revolution was taking place which caused many to move to the cities causing crowding and many people became poor and lived on the streets.There were more advancements in technology at this time and also religious scruple began amongst the people as well. With these aspects combined many poorer people turned to crime in order to survive. This is wherefore Oliver Twist was thrown into the events throughout this novel. 4. This novel is about a young boy who was orphaned at birth and ran away from a workhouse to London England. There he lived on the streets until a man named Fagin took him in and tried to turn him into a criminal.Oliver resisted and got away from Fagin with the help of good people who he met throughout the story. 5. The most important conflict in the book was how the environment of living on the streets which turned many people to thievery put its influence on Oliver Twist. This conflict goes on throughout the completed novel and Oliver neer allows his surroundings to influence the way he will live his life. 6. When the boy is worth a blow pounds to me, am I to lose what chance threw me in the way of getting sa fely, through the whims of a inebriated gang that I could whistle away the lives ofAnd me bound, too, to a born devil, that only wants the will and has the power This is a quote of Fagin and I chose it because it shows what kind of person he really is. One can see how far he goes with his greed and the way in which he uses people for his own gain when reading this account he makes. as Oliver looked out of the parlor window, and saw the Jew roll his old clothes up in his pocketbook and walk away, he felt quite delighted to think that they were safely gone, and that there was now no possible danger of his ever being able to wear them again.They were sad rags, to tell the truth and Oliver had neer had a new suit before. This passage is important because it gives an insight to the character of Oliver Twist. Ever since he was born he has been labeled and ridiculed for the clothes that he wears and this passage shows that the chance to choose his own clothing is super important to O liver. 7. The point of view of this novel was told through third person an anonymous narrator. This allows the reader to get different perspectives of events through more than one character. . A theme that Dickens has in this novel is the affects that a social environment has on peoples morals. He shows this by describing the way in which people live on the streets turning to crime to survive. In the book Dickens shows that the environment people live in doesnt corrupt a person entirely because he shows that criminals within the story liquid have a conscience and Olivers morals are never corrupted throughout the entire novel which goes against what many believe.Another idea that he puts forward in the novel is how government shape charities for poor people doesnt work. On the contrary it makes these people dependent on the government and they never are able to gain their independence and break free from the governments hold. 9. This book reveals that the time period that Dickens l ived in was one full of struggles and he questioned many aspects life such as capitalism, which in his opinion leaves people out to dry so to say, charity, and the effects that the environment has on peoples morals.

Gambling addiction in today`s society Essay

countenance you ever gambled in your life? We live in a world where some chance variable of turn is within our grasp. It can be fun, exciting, and life changing. Some gamblers may say they watch control of their fun behavior however, a lot of gamblers do not Most of them lose so much. They lose their jobs, money, family, and friends. Since frolic has so much potential for ab enforce, external measurements must be put in place to celebrate abusive playing period. Did you know Hawaii and Utah atomic number 18 the moreover 2 states that prohibit all forms of manoeuvre? Gambling is betting money on any spicy or event.It takes a variety of forms, from nickel-and-dime(a) poker to state-sponsored lotteries and casinos. Different forms of childs play are profound in different parts of the United States. In the early 1900s, most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. However, legalized gambling has been on the rise since the 1950s. Casinos are establishments where people can place bets on games. They normally offer a variety of card games, die games, and games of chance. In 1931, Nevada became the depression state to allow casino gambling. New Jersey followed in 1978, making casinos legal in Atlantic City.In 2009, legal casinos were operating in forty seven states. Today, different states have different regulations on casinos. In some states, they are still prohibited entirely. In others, casinos may only be run on the water, like riverboat casinos. Casinos also exist on Indian reservations throughout the country. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, passed in 1988, declared that Native American tribes have the right to run bid establishments on their reservations, as long as they are in a state that permits some form of gambling.By 1998, nearly three hundred Indian-operated casinos existed in thirty one states. Casinos have generated wealth and increase employment rates among Native Americans. However, many Native Americans, especially older people, consider the casinos a scourge to their traditional values and way of life. The newest form of casino gambling is the online casino, which allows players to place bets over the Internet. Online casinos raise alter legal issues. For example, if casinos are only legal in certain parts of a state, is it legal to make headway online casinos available in other parts of the state?If players are placing bets on the outcome of a game in a real, legal casino in another country, does that mean they are actually gambling in that country and not in their homes? Because of these legal problems, American companies have been reluctant to invest in online casinos. Nonetheless, consumers spent about 3 billion dollars in online casinos in 2000. Further restriction on internet gambling came when Congress passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006.The purpose of the law is to prevent the use of certain kinds of payment, credit cards, and fund transfers for unlawful inter net gambling. Another common form of legal gambling is the state lottery. A lottery is a drawing in which people purchase rags. A ticket number is selected at random and anyone holding a ticket with that number wins a cash prize. The first state lottery opened in New Hampshire in 1964. By 2009, lotteries were operating in forty one states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

Literary Analysis on the Giver

Outline for Literary Analysis Paper for English 230 I. Introduction a. Brief display to distributively worktitle, actors full name, and short summary of each b. Topic ( kind with father, violence, colonialism, blemish of culture and identity, personal development, role of missionaries, death of innocent, child soldiers, justice, second chances, role of women, voice, native traditions, historical accuracy) c. check with a get throughly worded thesis that comp ars how each of the ii works treats the topic. You charter to focus your paper as much as possible around this one central thesis.II. Body a. Use evidence from the novels to avow your thesis. You train to present at least three comparative points. b. Use ingeminates or facts from credible out-of-door sources (not sparknotes, gradesaver, cliffnotes, shmoop, etc. ) to inform your paper. i. Begin with a topic sentence that introduces the comparative point. ii. Incorporate quotations/ particularized inside information fro m each work. If you white plague quotes from the novel first and then from the other work for the first comparative point, keep back to aim that same pattern throughout your paper. iii.Include facts or details from sources that relate to the point you argon making in the paragraph. Be sure to give the source credit. Follow MLA guidelines. iv. Tie the significance of each quote/paraphrase to your thesis. You cant just quote from the source and expect the reader to infer why you have quoted that sentence or passage. You have to explain what posits it appropriate and how it fits in your analysis. v. Use a transition to move from talking approximately one work to the other. III. Conclusion a. Explain how reading the two works together helps you better understand the topic. . What do you know now that you did not know to begin with? ii. What atomic number 18 you still unclear about? List of Possible Topics for Comparing Flight to Things Fall unconnected Tragic heroes Violence Co lonialism Masculinity Loss of culture and identity Personal development Role of missionaries Father-son relationship Religion Native traditions Death of innocent Death of innocence Child soldiers War Justice sin and forgiveness Second chances Role of women Narrative voice Historical accuracy Revising History wording Choices Importance of the titles The endings Drunken natives NOTES ON QUOTING ? Put the authors last name and page human body or line number in parenthesis after each quote. ? You dont need to always quote directly you can paraphrase (put in your own words) the details of a specific scene however, you give still provide a parenthetical address. ? If you quote more than three typed lines, you need to indent your quote and you do not need quotation marks unless a character is speaking. ? drop a line in present tense. For example, Art tells Hank, In order to fight mephistophelean, sometimes we have to do evil things (Alexie 56). ? Use variety of present tense verbs w hen you quote from the literatureacknowledges, agrees, argues, asks, asserts, believes, claims, comments, contends, declares, denies, emphasizes, realizes, notes, insists, etc. REFERRING TO AUTHORS AND TITLES ? The first time you make reference to authors, refer to them by their first and last names Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart is about a man who struggles against the changes in his community. ? In subsequent references, use last names only til now though Achebes novel is about a particular political and historical moment, its themes are timeless and universal. As a rule, do not use titles such as Mr. or Ms. or Dr. ? Titles of articles, short poems, and short stories are put in quotation marks and the titles novels, long poems, plays, magazines, journals, or newspapers are italicized. ? When introducing quotations from a literary work, make sure that you dont confuse the works author with the narrator of the story, the speaker of a poem, or a character in a play. Instead of de nomination the author, you can refer to the narrator or speakeror to the work itself. NAMES IN incident CITATIONYou need to use the authors last name in the parenthetical citation to make it clear which work each quote came from. The first time you quote from a work, use the authors last name. If your next quote is from the same work, you do not need to use the authors last name in parentheses, just the page number. But then when you quote from another work, you need to put that authors last name in parentheses to make it clear that this quote came from a different work. Recommended Resources 1. Books from our library.I put the following selection of books on Reserve at the Sims Memorial Library the reserve room is on the first floor of the library Lies My Teacher Told Me Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong Native Universe Voices Of Indian America Understanding Sherman Alexie ? When Brer Rabbit Meets prairie wolf African-Native American literature 2. The online database belles-lettres Resource Center. To access, log onto Southeasterns web site and clear up on Library. Then click Find Articles. Under Databases by Title, click on L-M and then Literature Resource Center. ? Search by authors last name.Type in Achebe or Alexie. ? tactile sensation under the Topic and Work Overview for general information on the works. ? Look at the list on the left for specific topics. 3. Sherman Alexies website http//www. fallsapart. com/index. html. (Hey, look. Alexies website is titled falls apart. ) If you click on academic center, you will find a long list of analysis and criticism available online. 4. Interview with Achebe on Youtube segmentation 1 http//www. youtube. com/ look into? v=iCic_RoPhoM Part 2 http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=fl9lE5yN1qY Part 3 http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=QFvPK5Txxd4

Liquid Gold Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

pellucid Gold - Research Paper ExampleOn the other hand, the United States of America is a federal republic made of fifty (50) states and a federal district the federal district of Washington, D.C and the 48 coterminous states. The capital is Washington, D.C. The ground has 5 populated and 9 unpopulated territories in the Caribbean, as well as the Pacific. It has a population of 317 million people living in the 3.79 million square miles. The US is regarded as fourth largest nation by total area, and third largest by population (Berkin et al., 2013).The Indian economy is the 11th largest in the world basing on the nominal gross domestic product. In relation to purchasing forcefulness parity, it is the third largest in the entire globe (Government of India, 9). In 2014, the purchasing power parity has been estimated to $5.302 trillion with per capita income being $4, 209, while the nominal GDP has been estimated to be $1.842 trillion with per capita being $1,389 according to the International Monetary computer memory (IMF).As of 2011, the 486.6-million Indian labor force is considered as the globes second largest. The service heavens makes up of 55.7 percent, agricultural sector 18.2 percent and the industrial sector 262 percent of the total economy.Following the 1991 market-based economical reforms, the republic of India has become one of the fastest growing major economies. It is regarded as a developing nation on the verge of being industrialized. However, the nation is still faced with challenges of corruption, poverty, inadequate public healthcare and malnutrition. India has the largest payoff of individuals that live below the World Banks international poverty line of $1.25 per day. Besides, an estimated 44% of Indias children who are under the develop of 5 years, with half of them suffering from chronic malnutrition in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Mandhya Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and

Please read instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Please pick up instructions - Essay ExampleAdditionally, I learned the way students use the social media as a medium to look for networking for jobs. Most students use the social media by complete their profile for the entire land site they join and posting their diverse mental object online. Here my marketing plan willing involve completing my profile for each site that I access. I will also post diverse content on my sire like quotes, recommendation, and things I observed. Another marketing plan is subscribing to follow industry leading and companies in finance. Subsequently, I will stay posted on the privacy setting and new features on finance (Waldman,6).Increasingly, I learned the fundamentals and basic of how one needs to use the LinkedIn. LinkedIn site is apply in managing the professional identity of a person. The site is a first search result, important to modify and use, and quite different from the normal Facebook in terms of their connection and profile management . My marketing plan on this case will involve building my profile and locate internship and entry-level finance jobs on the site. First, I will start networking with my friends and family, and search for common grounds in

Organisations & Behaviour Learning Organisations Essay

Organisations & Behaviour Learning Organisations - Essay ExampleA breeding formation intentionally designs the structures and strategies in order to enhance and maximise the learning of its employees. (Dodgson, 1993) With the changing environment of business and go technology the nonion of the Learning governances has gained much more importance. Learning has become an important characteristic of an government activity in order to compete in the global business. Learning is a volatile and dynamic theory through which the process of updating in an make-up takes place. With the growing size of the corporations and continuous innovations in the bowl of technology the single learning has transformed to the notion of the organisational learning. The notion of learning plays an important part in the progress of an individual just deal that the learning on the organisational level plays an important part in the growth of an organisation. The organisational group of hoi polloi ca n define the organisational learning as the sum of the learning activities of the individual, which takes the model of combined effort. (Dodgson, 1993 Fiol & Lyles, 1985).An organisational learning program should be designed in the way that it is not lost when the members of the organisation leave the organisation. ... ive environment of the business in todays high pace changing business environment enhancing the learning capabilities of business is the solution of half of the problems. (Prahalad & Hamel, 1994). Equally important is the creation of an unlearning organisation which essentially means that the organisation must forget some of its past. Thus, learning occurs amidst such conflicting factors (Dodgson, 1993). Most of the leading companies of the world like Shell were among the first to embrace the notion of learning. In Shell Arie de Geus described learning as the only strategy to compete effectively. Hence learning organisation can be defined asThe sum total of organis ational learning is the organisations ability to use the amazing mental capacity of all its members to create the kind of processes that exit improve its own (Dixon, 1994)A Learning Company is an organisation that facilitates the learning of all its members and continually transforms itself (Pedler, Burgoyne & Boydell, 1991)Organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking atomic number 18 nurtured, where incorporated aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to learn together (Peter Senge, 1990)The following are the important characteristics of the learning organisationsLearning organisations adopts the external environments.They are flexible and continue the process of change.Depicts the combination of individual and collective learning.Keeps on learning with the outcomes.Learning can be done in two ways.1) whizz loop2) Double loopIn single loop learning peo ple learn in a way prescribed to them by the organisation.In double loop learning people, people not only learn in a

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Assignment

Scene of requiem for savior Christ in Federal and Southern Renaissance - Assignment ExampleThe essay Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance concerns Lamentations Scene for Jesus in the scene of Renaissance. Several particular features give hint on the fact that this picture can be attributed to Northern Renaissance. The material and the type of canvas are among the most obvious. Oil on panel was commonly use by Northern artists as it permitted to preserve brightness of colors for a long time. The painting is very detailed and vivid with elaborated landscape. Apparently, the informant underlines humans side of Jesus Christ video display his tortured body and concentrating on the minor details of it. Ribs that got visible through skin because of starving, injuries that bleed, closed eye of a dead man- there is no presence of God on this picture as the author tells us that Christ was suffering as much as we did. Despair, sympathy and sorrow can be read on the faces of Christs followers who came to him. Nothing on the picture suggests that Christ go out resurrect as he is portrayed as an ordinary human being who was suffering enormously. Massys does non concentrate nature in his painting, for him it is still the man and his suffering which matters the most but still the urban center o the background and the crosses thought-out ad realistic. Northern and Southern painting styles were different due to numerous reasons they appeared in different geographical regions and were formed under the influence of different sources. Northern style was originated on the territory.

The UK Business Tax System for Small Business Research Paper

The UK Business Tax ashes for Small Business - Research Paper ExampleNo-return systems are clearly feasible thirty-six countries--including Germany, Japan, the linked Kingdom, and several other industrialized nations--use several(prenominal) form f no-return system for at least some f their tax incomepayers (U.S. General Accounting Office GAO, 1996). Moving to a no-return system, however, has implications for both the administrative and structural features f the tax system. Our goal in this paper is to identify and provide learning on some f the major trade-offs involved.In convey deny systems, the tax agency makes every effort to withhold the exact amount f taxes so that no end-of-year filing, payment, or refund is needed. Thirty-four countries operate exact withholding tax systems. These systems require taxpayers to report some minimal, nonfinancial information to either employers or the tax authorities. (In the United States, this would in all probability consist f items su ch as name, address, social security topic, filing status, name, and social security number f spouse and dependents.)The proportion f taxpayers who have to load varies by country. About 90 percentage f taxpayers eligible for final withholding in the United Kingdom did not have to file in 1991. In Germany in 1986 and in Japan in 1988-90, the corresponding figures were 46 and 63 percent, respectively. Moreover, raze among wage earners, exact withholding tush be difficult to apply accurately to everyone. Withholding errors can occur when earnings come from more than one source or when the taxpayer changes jobs, retires, marries, divorces, or has a child. These issues advert the important interaction between tax grammatical construction and tax administration. If these tax systems had been set up to tax only wages, and to tax at a flat rate with no allowances, deductions, exemptions, or credits, exact withholding would work accurately for virtually everyone. Tax Agency Reconcilia tion Taxpayers may be relieved f the burden f filing even in systems that do not generate exact withholding. In tax agency reconciliation (TAR) systems, taxpayers can elect to have the tax agency prepare their return. at a lower place a TAR system, tax filing occurs in four steps. Interested taxpayers provide basic information to the tax authority. Because withholding does not have to be exact, TAR systems may not place as great a burden on employers and other payers as exact withholding systems. Moreover, it may be easier in a TAR system to apply a progressive tax rate structure to a combination f income derived from different sources.

Australian Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Australian environmental History - Essay ExampleForest history and heritage studies have received considerable attention in both the academic and public domains.Relationship between European or Western cultures influenced some(prenominal) in the environmental management and way of life. The visions of environment combined with the balance of effect relationship at heart colonial society are reflected in the development of a public policy framework for imagery user and environmental management from the mid 19th century (Dover 1994, p. 5-78). The exploitive legislation and protective legislation are which involves the land grants for the settlers and the rights of distribution of mineral and water. With these two paradigms, political struggle is present which needs some clarifications. exploitative legislation focuses more on the resource development and some specific developmental projects which take service of the current environmental status to serve the end users and meets their needs. Whilst, protective legislation is in contrast to the exploitative legislation which embodies the knowledge of conservation planning and protecting the general environmental state for maintenance and storing up what is natural and upkeep the balance in nature.1.) Exploitative Pioneering. The utilisation of Australian nature for the purpose of establishing financially viable fundamentals to its colony and endow with a return on venture from Britain and assemble the power of empire.

Business Strategy for Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Business Strategy for Coca-Cola come with - Research Paper ExampleThe Coca-Cola Company was created in Atlanta, Georgia in 1886. It engages in the manufacture, dispersion, and marketing of nonalcoholic beverages and syrups. The Company is responsible for the production and statistical distribution of 400 brands of beverages, which include light and diet beverages, juice drinks and juice, waters, coffees, teas, energy and soft drinks. Moreover, the company owns various canning and bottling subsidiaries in different regions worldwide. In addition, the organization sells finished products of beverages which bear its trademark in more than 200 nations worldwide. By 2006, the Coca-Cola Company operated via eight segments which include Africa, Pacific Rim, East, South Asia Latin America European Union join America the Middle East and Eurasia corporate and bottling companies. The Coca-Cola Company activities straddle various sectors of the soft drink labor in worlds trade in 2004, the c ompany was leading in terms of prize and volume in the carbonates, vegetable or fruit juice, coffee and ready to drink sectors. In the Asiatic specialty and functional drinks, Coca-Cola Company was the second-best player in the world (The Coca-Cola Company, 2015). The company produces syrups and concentrates which are exchange to different bottling organizations for final, processes such as dilution and packaging. The collaboration between the Coca-Cola Company and other bottling companies creates the most effective distribution and production system in the world.