Introduction to Unilever Essay

Unilever is a British–Dutch multinational consumer goods company. Its products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. It is the world’s third-largest consumer goods company measured by 2011 revenues (after Procter & Gamble and Nestle) and the world’s largest maker of ice cream. Unilever is a dual-listed company consisting of Unilever N. V. in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Unilever PLC in London, United Kingdom. Both Unilever companies have the same directors and they operate as a single business. The current non-executive Chairman of Unilever N. V. and PLC is Michael Treschow while Paul Polman is Group Chief Executive. Unilever owns over 400 brands, amongst the largest selling of which are Aviance, Axe/Lynx, Ben & Jerry’s, Dove, Flora/Becel, Heartbrand, Hellmann’s, Knorr, Lipton, Lux/Radox, Omo/Surf, Rexona/Sure, Sunsilk, Toni & Guy, TRESemme, VO5 and Wish-Bone. Unilever PLC had a market capitalisation of ? 27. 3 billion as of 23 December 2011, the 18th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange. 1930 to 2001 See more: how to start a paragraph Lever House in New York City, which was the United States headquarters of Unilever from 1952 to 1997 Unilever was founded on 1 January 1930 by Antonius Johannes Jurgens, Samuel van den Bergh and William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme. The amalgamation of the operations of British soapmaker Lever Brothers and Dutch margarine producer Margarine Unie (a 1927 amalgamation of Anton Jurgens Margarinefabrieken N. V. and Samuel van den Bergh) made sound commercial sense, as palm oil was a major raw material for both margarines, and soaps, and could be imported more efficiently in larger quantities. The initial harvesting of palm oil was from British West Africa, from where news reports seen back in England showed the workers abroad in favourable conditions. In 1911 the company received a concession for 750,000 hectares of forest in Belgian Congo, mostly south of Bandundu, where a system of forced labour operated. The subsidiary of Lever Brothers was named â€Å"Huileries du Congo Belge†. During the great depression in the thirties, the Huileries sharply decreased the fee for gathered oil nuts, while the government of Belgian Congo strongly increased taxation. This resulted in social unrest in 1931, which is known as the Revolution of the Pende, in which eventually more than 400 members of the Pende tribe were killed. In the 1930s the Unilever business grew and new ventures were launched in Africa and Latin America. In 1972 Unilever purchased A&W Restaurants’ Canadian division but sold its shares through a management buyout to former A&W Food Services of Canada CEO Jefferson J. Mooney in July 1996. By 1980 soap and edible fats contributed just 40% of profits, compared with an original 90%. In 1984 the company bought the brand Brooke Bond (maker of PG Tips tea). In 1987 Unilever strengthened its position in the world skin care market by acquiring Chesebrough-Ponds (merged from Chesebrough Manufacturing and Pond’s Creams), the maker of Ragu, Pond’s, Aqua-Net, Cutex Nail Polish, and Vaseline. In 1989 Unilever bought Calvin Klein Cosmetics, Faberge, and Elizabeth Arden, but the latter was later sold (in 2000) to FFI Fragrances. In 1996 Unilever purchased Helene Curtis Industries, giving the company â€Å"a powerful new presence in the United States shampoo and deodorant market†. The purchase brought Unilever the Suave and Finesse hair-care product brands and Degree deodorant brand. In 1997 Unilever sold the speciality chemicals businesses National Starch & Chemical, Quest, Unichema and Crosfield to ICI for US$8 billion.. The US division carried the Lever Brothers name until the 1990s, when it adopted that of the parent company. The American unit has headquarters in New Jersey, and no longer maintains a presence at Lever House, the iconic skyscraper on Park Avenue in New York City. Unilever established a sustainable agriculture programme in 1998. 2001 to 2011 Global employment at Unilever 2000–2008 Black represents employment numbers in Europe, light grey represents the Americas and dark grey represents Asia, Africa, and Middle East. Between 2000 and 2008 Unilever reduced global workforce numbers by 41%, from 295,000 to 174,000. Notes: Europe figures for 2000–2003 are all Europe; from 2004 figures in black are Western Europe. For 2004–2008 figures for Asia, Africa and Middle East include Eastern and Central Europe. Source: Unilever Annual Reports 2004, 2008 In 2000 the company absorbed the American business Best Foods, strengthening its presence in North America and extending its portfolio of foods brands. In April 2000 it bought both Ben & Jerry’s and Slim Fast. In May 2007 Unilever became the first large-scale company to commit to sourcing all its tea in a sustainable manner, employing the Rainforest Alliance, an international environmental NGO, to certify its tea estates in East Africa, as well as third-party suppliers in Africa and other parts of the world. It declared its aim to have all Lipton Yellow Label and PG Tips tea bags sold in Western Europe certified by 2010, followed by all Lipton tea bags globally by 2015. Covalence, an ethical reputation ranking agency, placed Unilever at the top of its ranking based on positive versus negative news coverage for 2007. In 2007, Unilever’s Dove â€Å"Evolution† video that ran only online, was named the first ever non-TV spot to win the Grand Lion at the Cannes Advertising Festival. And in March, 2008, Unilever was named â€Å"Digital Marketer of the Year† by Advertising Age. In 2008 Unilever was honoured at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for â€Å"Outstanding Achievement in Advanced Media Technology for Creation and Distribution of Interactive Commercial Advertising Delivered Through Digital Set Top Boxes† for its program Axe: Boost Your ESP. On 25 September 2009, Unilever agreed to acquire the personal care business of Sara Lee Corporation, including brands such as Radox, Badedas and Duschdas, strengthening its category leadership in skin cleansing and deodorants. On 9 August 2010, Unilever signed an asset purchase agreement with the Norwegian dairy group TINE, to acquire the activities of Diplom-Is in Denmark. On 24 September 2010, Unilever announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its consumer tomato products business in Brazil to Cargill. On 27 September 2010, Unilever purchased Alberto-Culver, a maker of personal care and household products including Simple[disambiguation needed], VO5, Nexxus, TRESemme, and Mrs. Dash, for $US3. 7 billion. On 28 September 2010, Unilever and EVGA announced that they had signed an agreement under which Unilever would acquire EVGA’s ice cream brands (amongst others, Scandal, Variete and Karabola) and distribution network in Greece, for an undisclosed amount. 2011 to present On 23 March 2011 it was announced that Unilever had entered into a binding agreement to sell the Sanex brand to Colgate-Palmolive for â‚ ¬672 million, and that Unilever would acquire Colgate-Palmolive’s laundry detergent brands in Colombia (Fab, Lavomatic and Vel) for US$215 million. On 24 August 2011, it was announced that Unilever had agreed to sell the Alberto VO5 brand in the United States and Puerto Rico, and the Rave brand globally, to Brynwood Partners VI L. P. On 14 October 2011, it was announced that Unilever had agreed to acquire 82% of the Russia-based beauty company Kalina. On 22 May 2012, it was announced that Unilever achieved top-ten status in the 2012 Gartner Supply Chain Top 25, resulting in the company’s best-ever performance in the index and establishing Unilever as one of the world’s top supply chains. Operations The Unilever R&D Centre in Bangalore, India Unilever is multinational with operating companies and factories on every continent (except Antarctica) and research laboratories at: Colworth and Port Sunlight in England; Vlaardingen in the Netherlands; Trumbull, Connecticut and Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey in the United States; Bangalore in India (see also Hindustan Unilever Limited); and Shanghai in China. [edit] Products For a full list of Unilever brands, see List of Unilever brands. Unilever’s products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. The company owns more than 400 brands, although its 25 largest brands account for over 70% of total sales. [29] Unilever focuses resources on 13 â€Å"billion-Euro brands†, each of which has annual sales in excess of â‚ ¬1 billion. Unilever organises its brands into four categories: Homecare, Personal Care, Foods and Refreshment (which includes tea, ice-cream and beverages).

Marketing – Converse Case Study

Converse Case Study Creating a marketing strategy isn’t always about taking a hands-on approach and facilitating how consumers should think of a certain brand. Converse All Stars took an alternative route, a â€Å"stand-back approach† giving its customers control over marketing its shoe brand. As a result, Converse delivered a customer-brand relationship where the needs, wants and demands of its customers were met by a pair of All Star Chucks.The needs, wants and demand of customers is a major customer and marketplace concept. Human â€Å"needs† are states of felt deprivation that could be of a physical need like for food and clothing, social need like for affection or individual needs like for learning or self-expression. Wants are forms of needs that are derived from cultures and individual personality (i. e. specific types of food like Asian, American or Mexican are specific wants for food).Demands of customers are also factored in when customers’ wants are supported by their ability to make purchases. Relating this to the Converse case study, Converse’s customers demonstrated a physical need for clothing or shoes in this case as well as an individual need for self-expression, and their wants were derived from Converse’s simple, affordable and classy style and â€Å"no-brand† brand, a specific culture and type of personality that consumers affiliated with Converse.Converse’s culture of self-expression became the reason why it was wanted and thereby demanded by consumers who had buying power. Converse understood this concept well as it was able to capture value from its customer by enabling them to customize and individualize their pair of Chucks, thus creating a market offering that became an integral part of Converse’s marketing success.

Human resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human resources Management - Essay Example d, recruitment of the manpower requirement of these stores will have to be undertaken as soon as possible and the best possible way to achieve this is to undertake a job analysis. A job analysis refers to the process undertaken to pinpoint and establish in detail the particular job duties and requirements and the importance of the same, where the analysis is conducted on the job and not the person (www.hr-guide.com). It is undertaken as an initial step towards successive human resource management actions such as defining a job domain, writing a job description, selection and promotion, training needs assessment, compensation and organizational analysis/planning (en.wikipedia.org). While the whole process may take some time to complete and shall entail the company some costs, the results of a job analysis are far greater than the time and costs involved as the same shall help spell the success of the proposed stores. The proposed job analysis may take the form of structured or unstructured interviews of incumbent employees, direct observation of employees at work, or the administration of questionnaires on existing employees. As against the interview and questionnaire methods, a job analysis undertaken through direct observation makes possible the gathering of first-hand knowledge and information about the job being analyzed as it allows the analyst to see, or experience in some cases, the work environment, the tools and pieces of equipment used, the relationships among workers and the complexity of the job. However, the observations may not be as conclusive as the presence of observers may cause alterations in the normal work behavior of the employees being directly observed (www.jobanalysis.net). The interview method of job analysis, on the one hand, requires that the interviewer possess effective listening skills as concentration can easily be disturbed by interruptions, the interviewers own thought processes and the difficulty of remaining neutral

Formal Report-Analyzing two possible career choices Assignment

Formal Report-Analyzing two possible career choices - Assignment Example The choices that are being considered are that of a career as a Sales Manager or as a Marketing Manager. These two positions will be evaluated on the basis of the salary, number of hours worked, the benefits that go with the job and the long term prospects for the job. Career Alert conducted extensive research on the job opportunities open for a Sales Manager and a Marketing Manager through the website Glassdoor.com, the ExecutivesOnTheWeb.com and Careerbuilder.com. Information regarding the current salary ranges of both the Sales and Marketing Managers were based on these sites. Interviews were conducted among current Sales and Marketing Managers to get insights on their careers. Career Alert believes in the importance of making the right decision in choosing a career. We are aware that a career choice is dependent on several factors such as the salary and the future prospects for the job. Your concern is our concern too. We measure our success by the success of our clients. We are dedicated to helping you decide what the best career path is for you, a Sales Manager or a Marketing Manager. Glassdoor. (2012, March 27). Sales and marketing manager salaries. Retrieved April 9, 2012, from glassdoor.com Web site:

Contemporary Chinese Law in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Chinese Law in Context - Essay Example 4). Traditional Chinese Laws were practiced in China even during the latter half of twentieth century. The traditional laws were highly influenced by philosophical and political doctrines propagated by Confucius. Thus, the traditional Chinese laws, government regulations and penal code had Philosophical influence (The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law n.d., p. 2-3). This paper deals with some of the Chinese laws which were revised and those which have kept pace with the changes brought about by economic globalisation. While some of the existing laws were amended like the Competition law, social law, Property laws, some new laws like Food and Beverages Law, Antimonopoly Law, etc were introduced. This paper reviews some of those laws by focusing on the circumstances which required introduction of new laws, components of new laws, their implementations and effectiveness in the Chinese Society. At the same time, this paper also examines categorization of laws basing upon their formation as well as their limitations or drawbacks. Chinese laws after 1976 to 2013: Contemporary laws: westernization Chinese legal system got modernized only after the country earned its Republic status, and especially after the reign of Qing dynasty. The effects of Cultural Revolution necessitated the requirement for formulation of some new laws and reformation of some. It has been observed that, during the last thirty years China has put most efforts in implementing legal provisions. Not only this, China has also achieved significant amount of success in redefining its legal norms, development and innovations in institutions and systems pertaining to laws and regulations. Modern day Chinese laws are meant for serving long term goals. Some of these include modifying public behavior, family planning policies, proper functioning of social systems, and above all making up for flaws that were committed by Chinese legal systems before modernization (Dingjian 2010, p. 40). Over time, the legal reforms in China have been results of direct influence of legal systems of developed Western countries. However, China has blended them with their specific problems and has customized the laws to create a system which would best serve its purpose. In order to introduce a new behavioral model, China had to introduce new legal standards. Thus, modern Chinese legal concepts are aiming at shaping up a large- scale, proper and consistent legal- structure for China (Dingjian 2010, p. 41- 42). The Chinese legal system can also be divided into two broad categories- the state made laws and the non- state made laws. State made Law All the formal acts and regulations that are formulated and implemented in recent times are classified under this category. The state laws consist of standard legal provisions and procedures and in every aspect are held superior to non- state laws. Chinese laws are regulated by multiple authorities, and the division of power is centralized. Thus, China has a well de fined law and regulations for its citizens, thereby promoting equality and peace (China's Current Legislation Structure). Non- State made law The non- state laws refers to those codified and un-codified laws and regulations that are practiced in a nation without maintaining any international convention. Numerous such laws could

Listening Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Listening Skills - Essay Example I am unable to support this with research data, but it is my firm conviction. The countenance of silent persons looks better, than the parted lips of those individuals who are ever ready to announce something on any topic, any time, in any situation. Listeners are respected everywhere; glib takers get selective reception! Though listening is a great skill, especially for the public relations people, this is one of the neglected segments of the communication skills. Formal training courses are available and diplomas are awarded for reading, writing and speaking—but not for listening! You see workshops and conferences arranged for all types of communication skills, except listening! One can be forced to write, read or speak. But one can’t be forced to listen. Listening is a mind function, though we suppose that it is primary job of two ears. Research results have proved that listening skills suffer with age. â€Å"Ralph G. Nichols, long-time professor of rhetoric at the University of Minnesota (now retired), says in his book Are You Listening? --that "if we define the good listener as one giving full attention to the speaker, first-grade children are the best listeners of all." (Listening...) Let me give a simple, real-life example, how bad listening can create (un) pleasant situations. I have recently joined a Non-governmental Organization and posted at the Public Relations Department. There are many part-timers who do honorary assignments for NGOs after their office/business hours. On the third day of my joining, a lady attached to the NGO, who looked after the â€Å"Women Empower Department,† telephoned to me. She called me, and enquired if I am the man who has been posted at the Public Relations Department. On getting the affirmative reply, she asked my introduction, name to be precise, and I said, â€Å"My name is Mallya.† I do no know whether she heard it properly or not, but she immediately began to reel off lots of

A Need for Offender Programs and Treatments Before Release Research Proposal - 1

A Need for Offender Programs and Treatments Before Release - Research Proposal Example The study will utilize questionnaire and interviews in the effort to obtain information from offenders and correctional facility officers. It is apparent that the issue of offender programs and their effectiveness has been contentious for a long time, especially in relation to their effectiveness. Apparently, this has been a concern because of the effects they have on offenders in terms of their behavior modification. Although offender programs are designed to correct behaviors of offenders, there is a need to have an effort to change their behavious. This can be enhanced during and after they have been released from correction facilities. The Alabama Department of Corrections operates 29 facilities within the state. Currently, the facility hosts around 13, 200 offenders. Pre release and reentry programs are the major programs offered by the Alabama Department of Corrections. Among other things, these programs aim at providing transitional case management services. The main focus on such services includes identifying inmate basic and technical needs, which aims at linking the offender with resources prior to his release.

Debate on CSR related issues Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate on CSR related issues - Coursework Example (Steven, 2003). The responsibilities of businesses are limited to making profits for the initiators or owners of the business. Profit earned from the business is a reward to the risk takers and is used either as income to the owner or it is used to improve their standard of living. The thoughts of businesses having a social responsibility are uncalled for since it is only people who have duties to perform or attend to. This can be loosely translated to mean that it is only people who have social responsibilities to look after. Businesses are artificial persons and in this sense, may have artificial responsibilities that cannot be in any way linked to or associated with the owners of the business (The New York Times, 1970). Persons are responsible at individual level and not the business as a whole, therefore if one was to categorize responsibility in its measure; then it would have to be at individual level and not as cooperate or as a business entity. Business entities are established with goals and objectives and among the most common objective is to increase market share which directly translates to increased profits except for entities or organizations started with the aim of providing community services such as community hospitals and schools (Sullivan & Steven, 2007). The primary responsibility of any cooperate institution to maximize the potential for the value of their product, and this translates into increased customer preference hence increased profits. The business entity will, therefore, have a primary responsibility of maximizing sales through different approaches such as advertising or packaging and these approaches will be aimed at increasing the profit margin. Social responsibilities on the other hand are initiatives related to employment creation, reducing or eliminating discrimination based on race, cultures, religion, ethnicity, among other factors and controlling environmental pollution (The New York Times, 1970). Individual associates

Interpretive Analyses essay on edward abbey book desert solitaire

Interpretive Analyses on edward abbey book desert solitaire - Essay Example and in your own, the flavor of an apple, the embrace of a friend or lover, the silk of a girls thigh, the sunlight on rocks and leaves, the feel of music, the bark of a tree, the abrasion of granite and sand, the plunge of clear water into a pool, the face of the wind" (p. xiii) Travelling in the sand of the desert and the rocky barren land are like conducting the excavations in the goldmine which bring forth new hopes and experiences from the author’s perspective. This book is like the oases in the desert. Abbey has no hesitation in stating categorically, "... I have personal convictions to uphold. Ideals, you might say. I prefer not to kill animals. Im a humanist; Id rather kill a man than a snake" (p. 20) and the reader will understand why Abbey makes such a hard observation as he turns the pages of the book! The content of the book is the summing up of Abbey’s benevolence. He intensely likes the silence and the grandeur of the wild desert and the quiet life of its inhabitants. The beliefs and practices of this naturalist are the need of the time when artificiality dominates in every area of the human activities. When human being, enamored of the scientific achievements, acts as if the nature is the permanent enemy, its exploitation is the birth right and one must be ever at war with it. Abbey sees paradise in canyons and the Colorado River and resents industrial tourism. In every small detail, in the oscillating blade of grass and the mighty roar of the river, Abbey relishes the mesmerizing beauty of Nature! He pleads that environmentalism should not be the view but the way of life. Condemnation of the defilers of Nature is not his literary pastime, but a strong conviction. The contents of the book are not the official annual report of the ranger who is posted in the part for one year. This one is not an ordinary ranger! For the exploiters, the bounties of Nature are the monetary rewards—it’s their commission. For Abbey it is the mission!

Research Critique Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Critique - Article Example Initially, the lecturer had to introduce some problem-based coursework in the learning discussion which incorporated the phases of problem discovery, result generation, solution appraisal, and even the answer execution. The authors hired sixty four teachers to play a part and carry out an assessment of course syllabi for the given assignments that included a weekly issue pinpointing action or had some wide-ranging semester problem cracking bustle. Moreover, it was requisite that minimum sixty five students must be registered in each subject to make sure that enough undergraduate annotations are present for an authentic data analysis. Out of those 64 hired instructors, 15 met the preceding two criteria for analysis of the study; however, the third criterion used for the courses’ selection was basically for the each course mentor to boast a cognitive approach recognized as analogous to the two further instructors in order to figure out an additional and adaptive teacher group. Once the cognitive styles of the instructors were identified, nine instructors were chosen and grouped by similar cognitive style. Those students that were enrolled in the nine courses were administered the KAI and NSSE immediately one week after the midterms in the spring semester to guarantee instructors and learners had the occasion to work together in some problem-solving action. Students were directed the instruments throughout the programmed class times, though, it was only the instructor’s preference if the implements were to be finished at some point with in the class time. The study is pretty much in a way acceptable and can be generalized to any educational institutions or students. It suggests that student engagement within the course and the class is very essential for the achievement of some potential outcomes. However, the teacher in this regard also plays a very important role. They must introduce such curricula and programs in their classes that promote student

European History Essay Example for Free

European History Essay How did Bismarck’s system of alliances help maintain peace? Bismarck’s system of alliances was the goal of keeping France isolated and not to have any military allies. Also, he wanted to keep Russia and Austria-Hungary from going to war. France was still bitter over the losing Alsace-Lorraine from the Franco-Prussian War. Both Russia and Austria-Hungary desired territory from the weakening Ottoman Empire, which was the Balkans. The Three Emperors League was an alliance with Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia. This was against radical movements. With the Congress of Berlin, Austria got Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Balkan states ended up becoming independent. The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy was a defensive alliance protection against Russia. The Reinsurance Treaty was between Germany and Russia. If one of them were to be attacked, they promised neutrality. Germany was concerned about war between Austria and Russia. Plus France and Russia being allies. William II ended this treaty and dismissed Bismarck. 2) What were the reasons for Britain and Germany’s love-hate relationship? Between the 1700 and 1800’s, Germany and Britain had a common enemy, which was France. Their racials ties of Anglo-Saxon and Germanic people as well. The rivalry was of course power. Germany was on the rise to power. Economic wise was the colonie and the world market. For the military component, Germany expanded their navy with battleships. Great Britain is known for its naval supremacy and it was threatened by Germany. It ended up being a naval race between the two nations. For the political factors, Great Britain wanted alliances with France, Russia, and the United States. At the Algeciras Conference, Germany attempted to break the friendship between Great Britain and France. They failed and brought them closer. 3) Why was the Moroccan crisis of 1905 a turning point in European diplomacy? France and Great Britain agreed over North Africa. Britain got full control over Egypt and France got full control over Morocco. The Anglo-French Entente was closer relations between France and England. Germany as always wanted to try and break the treaty between France and England. Germany didnt act diplomatically though. They were now viewed as an international bully. Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States saw Germany as a common threat. These four nations became closer. Austria became Germany’s main ally as well. 4) What impact did the Congress of Berlin (1878) have on the Balkan area? What were the origins and causes of the â€Å"Third Balkan War†? With the Congress of Berlin, Austria-Hungary had power over Bosnia and Herzegovina. Romania and Serbia won independence. Bulgaria won a somewhat say in their government. Austria-Hungary and Russia wanted to control the Balkans. With nationalism, Serbia wanted to expand by gaining Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austria-Hungary ended up annexing both of their wanted territories. Serbians were furious. The First and Second Balkan Wars consisted of fight within Serbia, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire about territorial gains. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was on a visit to Sarajevo and ended up getting assassinated by Serbians. It was the Black Hand which was a Serbian terrorist group. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia which was the start of the Third Balkan War. Austria-Hungary wanted to stop nationalism that threatened their empire. 5) Which of the major powers do you believe were most responsible and least responsible for the war? Explain. Austria-Hungary had imperialism in the Balkans and declared war on Serbia. They were also Germany’s main ally. Russia had total support of Serbia. They allied with Serbia and France. All three of them mobilized against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany wrote a â€Å"blank check† to Austria-Hungary. William II’s poor control of international diplomacy lead to the Moroccan crisis and naval build up. In addition, Germany invaded France through Belgium. France became permanently mad at Germany and seeked for revenge. They ended up allying with Russia. This meant the support from Russia meant also from Serbia. Great Britain had a naval build up and entered an alliance with France. This disrupted the balance of power and made it point toward France now. 6) What impact did the war have on the economy and the people at home? How cooperative was the population? The economy changed from a free market system to a state run economy. The government organized price and wage controls, quotas, production and what to be produced. The food and resources vital for war had to be rationed. Due to nationalism, the population was supportive of the â€Å"total war† efforts of their governments, in the beginning of the war. 7) Did the war have any effect on the power of organized labor? On women in society? The labor unions cooperated with governments on production and wages. The government gave back by allowing labor leaders in policy making councils. The unions were accepted in the European countries as legitimate organizations. Women were now in demand for labor because men were off at war. Women became a more visible part in society and this gave a boost for the modern women’s rights movement. 8) What evidence is there that the strain of the war was beginning to take its toll on the home front in Russia, Austria, France, and Germany by 1916? Russia had a lot of war casualties. The population was vital of the czar’s leadership. Nicholas II went to the front to lead the troops. While he was away, Alexandra and Rasputin were in charge. Austria’s chief minister was assassinated. Frances Joseph died as well. The Czechs and Yugoslavs called for autonomous democracies. France and their troops refused to fight. There were labor strikes during the war. Clemenceau ruled practically as a dictator. Germany had Karl Liebknecht, who was a radical social leader, spoke out against war. This had the radicals to protest. There was an expanding anti-war legislation in the Reichstag and massive break strikes in Berlin. 9) What were the reasons for the Russian Revolution in March 1917? Who were the Soviets? The war demoralized troops which led to mass desertions. Many peasant soldiers returned home and angry with weapons. Also the war produced massive food shortages and there were bread riots in St. Petersburg. These riots spread like wildfire. Nicholas II ended up stepping down and leaving Russia. The Soviet and the provisional government ended up trying to rule Russia. The social classes were going for political liberty. The upper middle class were expecting better results from the war. Workers demanded better wages and good. Peasants asked for land reform. The Soviets was a political organization in St. They were against the czar’s government and operated separately from the Kerenskys provisional government. For example, Army Order #1. 10) What were the reasons for the Bolshevik victory in the civil war? The democracy ended up turning into an anarchy. Not one individual group or person had clear dominance to take power. Lenin and Trotsky were talented leaders who competed for power. Trotsky created an organized and centralized army that was able to outperform the whites. While Lenin was able to appeal to the urban workers and soldiers who were for socialism, successfully. The Bolsheviks ruled the center of Russia while the white were scattered out over thousands of miles. There was a secret police and the use of terror. The â€Å"White Armies† were decentralized and didn’t organize movements. They didn’t have a clear political objective that rallied the enemies of the Bolsheviks into an united front. Foreign military aid was too late and little and rallied nationalistic Russian against the whites. 11) What happened to the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish empires after 1918? Austria-Hungary became Austria. They lost land to Italy which was Tyrol. They became independent states which were Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Hungary. Austria ended up becoming a small, militarily insignificant European nation. The Ottoman Empire ended up becoming Turkey. France got Lebanon and Syria. While Britain received Iraq and Palestine. The empire was diminished and Turkey’s borders were the Anatolian peninsula and the Bosporus. Both of these nations were once dominant in power and now were put down to secondary status, which is ironic. 12) What were the goals of Wilson, Lloyd George, and Clemenceau at the Versailles Peace Conference? President Wilson of the United States created the Fourteen Points. He wanted national self determinations, rights of small countries, and League of Nations. David Lloyd George was focused on restoring Germany to a reasonable economic strength. He perceived that Germany could be a balance to the communist Russia. Georges Clemenceau seeked revenge against Germany for the two invasions in the last forty years. He wanted to create a buffer state between France and Germany. He wanted protection against future attacks and permanent demilitarization of Germany. Germany had to pay large war reparations and it weakened them, yet gave France a chance to rebuild.

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Healthcare

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Healthcare Critical Evaluation on the Future of Healthcare: The Biomedical or the Biopsychosocial Model The Biomedical Model This model has been in existence since the mid-19th century and was predominant for physicians in the diagnosis of diseases. It comprises of four elements. It argues that, that health constitutes the freedom of pain, disease or defect which implies the normal human is healthy. In this model, the focus on the physical processes such as biochemistry, physiology and pathology of a disease do not take into consideration the role played by individual subjectivity or social factors. Unlike the biopsychosocial model, the biomedical model fails to consider negotiation between a doctor and patient in determining diagnosis. The main focus in this model is purely biological factors. It excludes social influences, environment and the psychological ones. Western countries have adopted it as a leading modern way for which health professionals treat and diagnose conditions. Regardless of the limitations that this model expresses, it has been critical in the development of programs to control infect ious diseases. In addition, it feeds more information to the biopsychosocial approach (White, 2009). The Biopsychosocial Model This is an approach that states that psychological, social and biological factors all play a key role in the human functioning in relation to illness and disease. Health is thus understood by concentrating on biological, social and psychological factors rather than entirely focusing on biological terms. It contrasts to biomedical model. Biomedical model takes the position that every disease process can be explained in accordance to deviations in normal functions such as injury, developmental abnormality in genes or virus (White, 2009). This model is used in the fields of medicine, health sociology and psychology and nursing. The acceptance, novelty and prevalence of the biopsychosocial model demonstrates variation across cultures. The model has been developing over time and will only mature further with health psychology designs and research. The Future of Healthcare The biopsychosocial model is at the heart of the future of healthcare. Specialization in healthcare has advanced to fields of health psychology, psychiatry, chiropractic, clinical psychology, family therapy and clinical social work. Majority of clinicians will engage the elements of biopsychosocial and biomedical models in the practices they engage in. However, it is arguable that all illnesses whether functional or organic can be managed best going by the biopsychosocial framework rather than the biomedical in practice. The two models seem to share the same goal which is improving the improvement of the patient’s well-being. What differs is the scope on which the physician considers impairment including its origin and the possible remedies. The biopsychosocial framework expands the meaning of this goal and applies it in clinical processes. Illness is approached as the subjective sense of suffering by the patient. The goal of managing the disease thus needs to identify the spe cific exposures of the patient which are biological, social and psychological. Potential Disabilities of the Biomedical Model The biomedical model will lose its position in the future of healthcare as it assumes that social and psychological processes are irrelevant to the disease’s process. The potential disabilities it exposes are massive. It mainly has three liabilities. First, the model is reductionist in nature. It reduces illness to lower level processes. These include chemical imbalances and disordered cells. It thus fails to recognize the general role of psychological and social determinants. Secondly, the model is a single-factor model. The explanation for illness is in terms of biological malfunctions rather that recognition of a variety of factors with only a few being biological in the causation of illness. The third liability is that the model assumes a mind-body dualism. It maintains that the body and mind are two separate entities. The final but not least liability is that the model puts more emphasis on illness over health. The focus is aberrations that cause illness instead of the co nditions that would promote health. Advantages and Clinical Implications of the Biopsychosocial Model Medical care, illness and disease are interrelated processes. They involve interaction of changes both within the individual and other levels. Researchers are thus impelled by this framework toward an interdisciplinary collaboration and thinking. The model maintains that the diagnosis process should consider the interacting roles of social, psychosocial and biological factors. This calls for interdisciplinary team approach in making a diagnosis. Health psychology should adopt this model and involve all the three factors. Therapy is thus uniquely targeted to a particular individual considering their health’s totality and ensuring treatment recommendations capable of dealing with more than one problem systematically. Therefore, a team approach is encouraged as the best approach. The relationship between a doctor and a practitioner is emphasized by the biopsychosocial model. The efficacy of treatment, the rapidity of solving an illness and the patient’s service usage can be improved by an effective practitioner-patient relationship. The biopsychosocial model makes the implication that the physician must have a clear understanding of the psychological and social factors that make contributions to an illness in order to come up with ample treatment (Kim,2014). For a healthy individual, the model is of the opinion that their health habits can only be understood in social and psychosocial contexts. When an individual is ill, recovery can be influenced by psychological, biological and social factors. These factors may maintain poor health habits but when there is appropriate modifications, they facilitate healthy ones. Biopsychosocial Perspectives Psychosomatics, Behavior and Health Depression, social isolation, conscientiousness and chronic stress are all understood by medical colleagues and health psychologists alike in the impacting of the vulnerability and the protection of various diseases. There is a consistent correlation of clinical depression with pathogenesis and occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In a study in 2009, Salomon examined the existing differences in reactivity of cardiovascular to and recovery from two lab stressors between healthy controls with no self-reported history of CVD samples and naturalistic samples of clinically depression (Nezu, 2013). With previous research demonstrating significant behavioral associations and psychosomatic among illness, health and disease, the BPS model should focus on bringing into play analytic complexity fighting individualistic. Review of neuroplasticity, socio-somatic and psychosocial genomics will assist in balancing individualistic bias for health psychology, provision of sophisticated and adequate understanding of the cultural and social contours underlying illness and health thus fostering a greater integration among domains of bio-psycho-social. Psychosocial Genomics and Neuroplasticity Advances in genetics and molecular biology have given way to the map out of human genome. There have been spectral and technological imaging advances such as allowing of examining complex neurological processes and functional magnetic resonance. These movements in science have resulted to empirical investigations, psychosocial genomics and neuroplasticity which thus offers important evidence in relation to the interdependence nature of socio-cultural, biological and psychological processes. Research on neuroplasticity goes further to justify the biopsychosocial framework. This is because, the study indicates that the brain neurons are more dynamic than had previously been considered. They develop novel synaptic connections in response to learning and experience across age and mainly the entire life (Kim, 2014). Biopsychosocial further elaborates on the impact of social support. Within many studies, more satisfying social relationships or confidants result to an individual recovering more quickly from illnesses and diseases as compared to those with minimal social support. Culture in the Biopsychosocial Model Culture evolves over the years. It carries with it vagueness and contention. Culture is informatory. It influences every founding block of the BPS model. Failure to demonstrate adequate to the key role of culture in health psychology and related medical fields would result to the discrimination in health service delivery. For a more holistic approach therefore in heath psychology, culture should be considered seriously in attempts to integrate the BPS model. Biopsychosocial Model Transformations and the Future: Health Psychology Health psychology’s emergence together with behavioral medicine in primary care settings and general practitioners training on various health paradigms have resulted to an awareness for which patients now understand that the medical providers view them as a person and not merely by the disease. For the past two decades, the research of health psychologists and the behavioral interventions have matured greatly together with high criticism. Patient quality of life and wellness has been observationally been improved by the humanistic view by the psychologists. To fully solidify the role of combinatory treatments and psychologists, it is necessary to conduct long-term empirical studies. Doctors however question the motive of the alteration of medicine for the incorporation of behavioral interventions which tend to increase the workload of the physicians who are already strained. Research, vast knowledge on behavior education skills are applied by psychology practitioners should be used in the promotion of a medical care that is more hospital co-managed. Health care and societal transformations constrain psychology from change. Psychology seeks to deliver expansion on the special skills of health and clinical psychology. Psychopharmacology is the latest intervention in the creation of a psychologist practitioner who is independent. Psychologists must look for and maintain an inter-professional collaboration with physicians in order to ensure prescription authority and psychology. The psychosocial aspects of medical problems are then addressed. Quality of treatment may be affected by poor relationships between physicians and psychologists. Collaborations and partnerships in the management and diagnosis of all health will be observed in the decades to come. Training programs in health psychology will increase in terms of quantity. There will be specialization for students who have interest in the practice of research, clinical and education settings (Kim, 2014). The policy makers and the professionals such as teachers require training and education on the biopsychosocial model. The impact of this on healthcare would be the reduction of health costs, improved occupational control, promotion of self-empowerment, provocation of behavioral change and an increment in adherence to plans of treatment. Integrated healthcare will eventually address the complete spectrum of the mind and the human body as one and the same. A Holistic Approach in the Application of the Biopsychosocial model in the future of Health Psychology The biomedical model of disease and health is dominant in the existing medical practices. The approach is effective mainly in the control of infectious maladies. Chronic non-infectious diseases require the BPS approach. The approach takes into account other health determinants. That thus takes the BPS model a step further into the better approach than the biomedical model. However, a more holistic approach in the biopsychosocial approach is one that integrates culture into the focus of biological, psychological and biological aspects. Taking culture into the picture for the future will result to a more holistic approach. The future health research programs and intervention strategies should endure at considering all the domains and that will be a holistic approach. The BPS model will keep on maturing with time. To this regard therefore, there should be an examination of the effectiveness of cultural, social, biological and physiological claims. It should be conducted in clinical practice exploring the health concepts from perspectives and questioning perspectives could influence the current and future trends in health interventions and health promotion. Conclusion The future of health care lies more on the biopsychosocial approach more than the biomedical one. However, as demonstrated in the research and advancements in the health psychology, there are still aspects of the BPS model that could be involved in the future. One of them could be an increased collaboration and participation amongst psychologists and physicians. They should collaborate to ensure that wellbeing is attained by effective application of the model. The aspect of culture should also be included in the framework to ensure that the health services are acceptable in various communities. Clinical implications are at the heart of the improvement of the biopsychosocial approach. Health psychology and biomedical research will act as key building blocks in the future role of the model. References Kim, P. (2014, March 22). Report Summarizes Health Psychology Study Findings from Northeastern University. Psychology Psychiatry Journal, 456, 33-67. Nezu, A. M. (2013). Health psychology. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Piotrowski, C. (2012, September 1). Occupational Health Psychology: Neglected Areas of Research. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 675, 44-65. Sheridan, C. L., Radmacher, S. A. (1992). Health psychology: challenging the biomedical model. New York: Wiley. White, P. (2009). Biopsychosocial medicine: an integrated approach to understanding illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Housing and Employment Barriers for Ex-Offenders

Housing and Employment Barriers for Ex-Offenders Background Inmates in America often face barriers from prison to successful reentry back into the community. They are often released with a bus ticket and a minimal amount of gate money. They reenter back into the community with no health insurance, no guidance with employment, and no financial resource for housing. In 1999, approximately 33 percent of state prison releases were drug offenders, 25 percent were violent offenders, and 31 percent were property offenders (Hughes Wilson, 2017). There are approximately 13 million people admitted to and released from jail (Solomon, 2012). In 2007, more than 725,000 inmates were released from state and federal prisons in the United States (Baillargeon, et. al, 2010). By the end of 2010, the United States federal and state prison facilities held over 1.6 million prisoners. Approximately 95 percent of all state prisoners will eventually be released from prison, and an estimated 80 percent will be released on parole supervision (Hughes Wilson, 2017). There are approximately 730,000 inmates that are released on a yearly basis (Mears Mestre, 2012). A study that looked at recidivism in over 40 states concluded that more than four out of 10 offenders will return to state prison within three years of their release (Justice Center The Council of State Governments, 2017).There were 23 percent of adults exiting parole in 2010 which: 127,918 individuals returned back to prison due to violating their terms of supervision, 9 percent of adults exited parole in 2010, and 49,334 individuals returned to prison for a new conviction (Council of State Governments, 2017) Barriers to Employment The two most common barriers that inmates in America face are securing employment and housing (Gideon Sung, 2011). Ex-offenders are having a difficult time with finding employment after being released from prison, which is a huge barrier to successfully transitioning back into the community. Ex-offenders who are able to find jobs are normally referred by their family or friends. The programs that are successful with helping ex-offenders find employment are limited in capacity and geographic reach (Gideon Sung, 2011). The jobs that are likely to hire ex-offenders are scarce due to downsizing. There are several barriers that ex-offenders face when trying to find employment. Those who have history of being convicted for a felony are legally prohibited from certain occupations: Those that work with population who are deemed vulnerable Child care Nursing Private sector jobs-barber, beautician, pharmacist, embalmer, optometrist, plumber, and real estate professional (Gideon Sung, 2011) However, this does vary from state-to-state. There are jobs that offenders are restricted from pursuing in which prisoners receive training for while imprisoned. A study conducted on employers in Los Angeles concluded that businesses that check criminal backgrounds are less likely to hire those with a criminal record. Thus, background checks hinder ex-offenders chances of securing employment. Employers are allowed to deny jobs to those with a criminal record or those who hold an arrest record. A survey concluded that more than 60 percent of employers would not hire those with a criminal record (Solomon, 2012). Pager conducted an experimental audit and found that both race and a criminal record plays a factor in finding employment. Only five percent of Blacks with a criminal record received a call back. 14 percent of Blacks without a criminal record were called back by employers. Whereas, 17 percent of Whites with a criminal record received a call back from employers. 34 percent of Whites without a criminal record were called by employers (Gideon Sung, 2011). There was a three-state sample that concluded 45% of the 65% of employed ex-offenders continued to be employed (Gideon Sung, 2011). A new study concluded that an estimated one-third of American adults were arrested by the time they were 23 years old (Solomon, 2012). Criminal records keep many people from finding a job even though they have paid their dues, are qualified for the job, and are less likely to reoffend. Regardless of the type of crime committed, a criminal record will hinder an ex-offenders chances of finding employment. Amongst 75 largest counties, there were an estimated one-third of felony arrests that did not lead to conviction. Yet, the arrest still shows on the criminal background, which affects the chances of them getting a job. Most arrests are for minor or nonviolent offenses. In 2009, only four percent of 14 million arrests consisted of violent crimes, including murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (Solomon, 2012). Ex-offenders who are African American may experience racial discrimination when looking for employment compared to Whites. Devah Pager conducted two studies involving employment audits of men in Milwaukee and New York City. Both studies were funded by the National Institute of Justice and found that having a criminal record does reduce ones chance of getting a call back or a job offer by an estimate of 50 percent (Solomon, 2012). African Americans were penalized for having a criminal record in comparison to White applicants. More recent studies reported that Latinos also suffered from having a criminal record and had a more difficult time finding employment compared to Whites. Arrests in 2009 by Offense (Solomon, 2012) Type of Offense Crimes Property Crimes (18% of arrests) Burglary Larceny-theft Motor vehicle theft Arson Vandalism Stolen property Forgery Counterfeiting Fraud embezzlement Drug Crimes (12% of arrests) Production Distribution Use of Controlled Substances Other Crimes (56% of all arrests) Disorderly conduct Drunkenness Prostitution Vagrancy Loitering Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Weapons Violations Ban The Box The number of governmental entities and advocates increased, and they support removing the box on employment application to help ex-offenders stand a higher chance of being employed. Ban the Box is a movement that was established in 2003 (Bergen Bressler, 2016). It is also known as Fair Chance Act. Their goal is to remove the criminal history box to encourage employers to consider applicants based on their credentials and qualifications versus their conviction. It is difficult for ex-offenders who have a criminal record to secure employment because employers perceive them as being untrustworthy, lacking relevant job skills, and inclined to steal (Bergen Bressler, 2016). According to the Justice Department, approximately 60 to 75 percent of former inmates are unable to find employment within their first year out of jail (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Ban the Box law will impose restrictions on what employers can inquire based on criminal history by limiting: What can be asked prior to being hired When can inquiries be made The amount of investigation done on ones criminal history record (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Hawaii was the first state to adopt a fair-chance law, which applied to public and private employment (excluding the federal government) in 1998 (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Such statute restricts an employer from inquiring about an applicants history of conviction prior to being hired. There are other states that established statewide or local laws of Ban the Box, including: California, Oregon, New York, Texas, Washington, and Washington D.C. (Hire Image Background Screening Specialist, 2017). New York City adopted a Fair Chance Act, which makes it illegal for employers to inquire about a criminal record of potential applicants prior to making a job offer (NYC, 2016). Barriers to Housing Housing is another common barrier that ex-offenders face when released back into the community. Ex-offenders find it difficult to find temporary housing on their own and lack funds to rent a place of their own. Thus, the majority tends to live with their family members once released from prison. An Urban Institute study concluded that an estimated three quarters of those released in Chicago planned to live with family (Gideon Sung, 2011). 88 percent were living with family 4 to 8 months later (Gideon Sung, 2011). 30 percent of female releasees reported being physically or sexually abused by family members they end up staying with (Gideon Sung, 2011). 12 percent of male Chicago releasees reported being physically abused or threatened by a family member months before incarceration (Gideon Sung, 2011). Housing is a significant barrier as landlords will deny ex-offenders tenancy due to their criminal record, and are unable to afford market rent or provide a security deposit. This is the reason why approximately 10 to 50% of parolees become homeless (Gideon Sung, 2011). Although there are other housing resources that ex-offenders could resort to, they have a limited capacity. There are also limitations on ex-offenders who were convicted of sex crimes. The Megans Law requires sex offenders to register and is supported by 47 states, which makes offenders ineligible for public housing. There are 31 states that have laws similar to Jessicas Law, which limits convicted sex offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011). This includes restricting where sex offenders can live, and are required to distance themselves from schools or parks. Prison Fellowship Prison fellowship is a reentry program available to ex-offenders. It is a Christian-based program that aims at giving hope, healing, and a new purpose for life to each ex-offender because they believe that the most broken situations can be made whole again (Prison Fellowship, 2017). This program also provides advice and guidance on how to overcome barriers, including: housing, employment, and finances. It is beneficial to ex-offenders as they will be provided with advice on the necessary resources that they need to successfully transition back into the community. Other Barriers Ex-offenders who have felony drug convictions deal with legal limitations. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act of 1996 bans those convicted for a felony drug charge for a lifetime. Meaning, these offenders are unable to receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and food stamps (Gideon Sung). This tends to be a barrier that some ex-offenders face when released because it reduces their income. Also, drug offenders who intended on going back to school are unable to take out a student loan (Gideon Sung, 2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) consists of various treatment interventions. CBT can help with changing peoples feelings, including their values (Gideon Sung, 2011). This type of approach helps offenders with gaining self-control and responsibility toward others and the community. There are six CBT programs that are most commonly used in correctional settings: Aggression Replacement Training (ART) Criminal Conduct and Substance Abuse Treatment Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) Reasoning and Rehabilitation (RR) Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT) Thinking for a Change (T4C) (Gideon Sung, 2011) These programs will help rehabilitate offenders and they will stand a chance to successfully face difficult barriers that they may encounter. Such programs have been extensively experimented with among various types of offenders, including juvenile offenders, substance-abusing offenders, sex offenders, sex offenders, and violent offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011). Conclusion It is important that these barriers ex-offenders face are addressed in order for them to have a successful transition back into the community. The people of America need to be informed of these barriers so that we can help make a difference in our communities by reducing the rate of recidivism. This will allow our communities to be safeguarded from ex-offenders so long as they are able to successfully transition back into our community. Their wrongdoings and criminal activity does not only impact themselves, it also impacts their loved ones and those who are victimized. Therefore, it is important to know the statistics and studies of barriers that hinder the reintegration of ex-offenders in which we could help them successfully overcome the barriers that they may have a difficult time with. References Baillargeon, J., Hoge, S.K., Penn, J.V. 2010. Addressing the challenge of community reentry among released inmates with serious mental illness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 46, 361-375. doi: 10.1007/s10464-010-9345-6 Ban the box laws. 2017. Hire Image Background Specialists. Retrieved online from http://www.hireimage.com/ban-the-box/ Bergen, V. Bressler, M. S. 2016. Ban the box: Protecting employer rights while improving opportunities for ex-offender job seekers. Employer Relations Law Journal, 42, 26-50. Fair chance act. 2016. NYC. Retrieved online from https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/media/fair-chance-act-campaign.page Gideon, L., Sung, H. 2011. Rethinking corrections rehabilitation, reentry, and reintegration. SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. Hughes, T. Wilson D.J. 2017. Reentry tends in the United States: inmates returning to the community after serving time in prison. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved online from https://www.bjs.gov/content/reentry/reentry.cfm Mears, D. P., Mestre, J. (2012). Prisoner reentry, employment, signaling, and the better identification of Desisters. Criminology Public Policy, 11(1), 5-15. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00 NRRC facts and trends. 2017. Justice Center The Council of State Governments. Retrieved online from https://csgjusticecenter.org/nrrc/facts-and-trends/ Preparing for reentry. 2017. Prison Fellowship. Retrieved online from https://www.prisonfellowship.org/resources/support-friends-family-of-prisoners/resources-for-reentry/# Scanlon, W. (2001). Ex-convicts: A workplace diversity issue. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 16, 35-51. doi:10.1300/J022v16n04_03 Solomon, A. 2012. In search of a job: Criminal records as barriers to employment. Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice. Retrieved online from https://www.nij.gov/journals/270/Pages/criminal-records.aspx

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Women Have Come A Long Way   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Doll House† is no more about women’s rights than Shakespeare’s Richard II is about the divine right of kings, or Ghosts about syphilis. . . . Its theme is the need of every individual to find out the kind of person he or she is and to strive to become that person.† (Bloom 28) Ibsen portays this behavior in A Doll House through one of the main characters, Nora Helmer, by setting the scene in Norway in 1872. In the late 1800s, women did not play an important role in society at all. Their job was mainly to cook, clean, sew, take care of the children, and keep the house in order. They were treated as a material possession rather than a human being that could think and act for themselves and looked upon as a decorative member of the household. Women were robbed of their true identity and at the end of the play, Nora leaves everything behind to go out into the world to seek her identity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This behavior can be traced back to the beginning of time when women were to stay home and gather nuts and berries, while the men would go out and do the hunting and fishing. The male always dominated over the women and it was not viewed as â€Å"unfair.† Male children would go to school to get an education in history, mathematics, science, english/writing, while the female would go to school to learn how to cook, sew, clean, and do household chores. The male could then further advance his education by attending a college or university, whereas no college would accept a women student. â€Å"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of men toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.† (Declaration of Sentiments) It was believed that women were the inferior gender and had to have special attention given to them. This idea dates back to the Medieval Period in history and is where the whole idea of chivalry came about and men having to provide special care. One can see that the idea of male superiority can be referenced back to very early on in civilization to the day A Doll House was written. â€Å"Torvald: You stay right here and five me a reckoning. You understand what you’ve done?

Exposure to Media Violence Essay -- Violence

The relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relationship. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (Huesmann, Eron, Klein, Brice & Fischer (1983). If it was proved that exposure to media violence increased the likelihood of aggressive behaviour, it may force a re-evaluation of what young children are exposed to during early childhood. Research done on the topic of media violence is widespread and variable, with many different approaches and theories. One example of such research focuses on the different effect violent video games have on aggressive behaviours in a controlled laboratory environment to those who are exposed to violence in video games in real life and the effect this has on aggressive traits, such as Ferguson et al. (2008). This experimental design focused on the direct link between viewing violent material in an animated game and then the aggressiveness of the response when told to deliver a loud noise to an opponent that has answered a question in a staged test incorrectly. The chosen participants were volunteers studying at an undergraduate level at university, this sample was 45.5% male and may not be representative of the population as the participants chose to participate and were not selected at random, thus possibly limiting the application of the findings. To prove the hypothesis that; â€Å"Exposure to video game vi... ...rough a search in Google Scholar of keywords â€Å"effect of media violence on aggression† and selected specifically because of the inclusion of other emotions such as fear, and anger, and the inclusion of the written word, rather than visually violent stimuli. 6. Corinne David-Ferdon, Marci Feldman Hertz, (2007) Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages S1-S5, ISSN 1054-139X, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.020.) -This article was located through a Google Scholar search for keywords â€Å"media violence on aggression†. I chose this entry specifically because the research focused on adolescents and how the demographic is being effected not only by media violence, but the ease of which technology is aiding in the exposure of violence from the media, and from uploaded home videos.

John Lennon :: essays research papers

Two summers ago, I was in a bit of trouble. My parents grounded me and kept me indoors for a majority of the break. I had little contact with friends, besides my job and the occasional visits. Though I do not look back at this period of my life happily, I now realize I benefited greatly after surviving through it. My internet access had been taken away, but I still used my computer. I had a stash of mp3's I had downloaded in the past few months, which consisted mainly of Beatles songs. I had downloaded just about every album they ever made, from the pop-influenced "Please, Please Me", to the mellowed out, psychedelic "Magical Mystery Tour". My musical taste shifted pretty much overnight from hip-hop to classic rock. A new era of my life had begun. All four members of the Beatles are influential. However, John Lennon, through his lyrics, views, and musical genius stood out to me. I started simply by just listening to their music, but found myself researching the life and accomplishments of John Lennon. His character influenced me to change my ways of thinking. By the middle of this summer I noticed my personality had changed from depressed and angry to loving and caring. A true love for everyone had developed inside of me. Maturity definitely plays it's part in these changes, but John Lennon's music jumpstarted this transformation. Songs such as "Imagine" and "In My Life" had me feeling and thinking in ways I had never before. My musical taste has since moved on from the Beatles, but I will always have a place in my heart for their music as long as I live.

Referring to Examples, Discuss the Factors

There are many different factors that can cause power to shift between superpowers over time such as: resources, population, and economics, military and cultural. Superpowers are define as: the capacity to project dominating power and influence anyway in the world, sometimes in more than one region of the globe at a time. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the British Empire was the biggest global superpower. The British became a superpower during this time due to colonial rule. From colonisation they gained economically from the cheap raw materials. Maintaining colonial rule depended on military power.But when Britain started to decolonise its Empires they lost the title of a superpower. This was due to : economic decline, Britain had overspent on war efforts and after WW2 was showing serious signs of economic ‘slowdown’. Also loss of military influence after the war. Moreover many colonies fought for the allies with their own independent armies. One by one afte r the war, for a range of reasons most of the colonies became indepent. So with this example we can see that the cause of power to shift was due to the war and the economic pressure it put on the British to lose its superpower statues.So we can see from British Empire, that was once a giant empire with vast areas of huge armies and thriving economies. However they lost their power of being a superpower due to economic problems and war. We can already see that economics and military have a large impact towards maintaining superpower. Military helps them keep control of their power against uprising and economic helps them pay for the military. So when Britain become in debt due to ww2 it lost all its power. By 1900, the USA had taken over from Britain as the worlds largest economy.By 1940, it was the worlds largest manufacturer of industrial and consumer good. Also the US military dominates global arms and defence spending. We can see how power had shifted between Britain now to the U S due to, Britain’s economic problems that caused it to loses its colonies and US with its high economy which caused the power to shift. China is an example of an emerging superpower; its economy has doubled in size every eight years since 1980. Since 2000, China has been the largest recipient of overseas investment, and now foreign-owned companies . 0% of the world trade since 2004 has been as a result of Chinas industrialisation. So here we can see that China has developed due to industrialisation, which has increased its power. China use to be a low-income country, so we can see from a low-income country to an emerging superpower how powers can shift over time due to many factors that influence the world. However even though China is an emerging superpower, it has come with some cost to the environment for example China has 16 of the top 20 most air-polluted cities in the world. The polluted air was blamed for over 4000 000 premature deaths in 2003.Russia re-emerging as a global power, due to its natural gas and is the second largest oil producer after Saudi Arabia. Due to Chinese and Indian economies have led huge demand for energy and increased global energy prices. Russia now sees itself as an energy superpower. So we can see that Russia is trying to emerge as a superpower with the increasing need for energy. This can have an affect in changing superpower, for example the USA depends largely on Russia for its energy and if Russia stops supplying it to the US they will have problems, which many lead them into not being a superpower anymore.Power shifts between superpowers over time due to so many different reasons, such as cultural imperialism, industrialisation, military power, colonise, economics. If we look at Britain as an example, after the Second World War it lost it title as a superpower, because of the economic strain the war caused and loss of its military power. Or superpowers can change due to development in a county and their global inf luence such as China. Superpowers can shift over time, because some countries develop and take over old superpowers, China is emerging fast so we could see a change in superpower between China and America.

Communication and Young People

social unit 1 PRINCIPLES OF growth RELATIONSHIPS WITH CHILDREN, teenage throng AND ADULTS 1. 1. 1 inform WHY efficacious chat IS IMPORTANT IN DEVELOPING RELATIONSHIPS WITH CHILDREN, unseasoned sight AND ADULTS Communicating in effect with baberen, new-fashioned flock and adults is very authoritative to enable strong and domineering relationships betwixt these pigeonholings.Related oblige Contribute to Evaluating the military posture of Agreed Methods of CommunicationCommunicating unconditionally with adults, this includes t apieceers and p atomic number 18nts, is an Coperni grass burst in supportering build a strong and trusting relationship with each other, therefore opening the lines of discourse, both make out verbally and verbal, so I faeces consecrate forward either ideas regarding lesson plans, activities or any concerns I sacrifice regarding the child. Developing positive relationships with children and vernal people will create a happy, calm and safe environment. Children and childlike people will then thumb able to approach me and talk nearly any concerns they whitethorn be having that could mend their learning or social skills.It is important to see and manipulation positive wrangle when conversation, this git include eye contact, motion and showing interest. Knowing the childs c ar goals and any IEPs will succor identify the needs of the child. 1. 1. 2 EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIONSHIP BUILDING WITH CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS The principles of relationship building are built on mutual venerate, willingness to listen to each other and trust. at that place needs to be clear and effective communication which includes positive body language and instillion between each other. Al courses rally everyone is different in their beliefs, values and religion.Use transition positively. 1. 1. 3 EXPLAIN HOW DIFFERENT SOCIAL, lord AND CULTERAL circumstanceS MAY AFFECT RELATIONSHIPS AND THE WAY PEOPLE C OMMUNICATE Different social, professional and pagan contexts may affect relationships and the way people pass by because of a lack of disposition of one anothers background and culture. When communicating with others we may need to conciliate the way we broadcast in different situations, for example black-tie and informal communication. Formal communication could be a meeting with the instructor, outside groups and undermentioned policies and procedures.Knowledge of events happening outside the inculcate ie at pedestal may apologize a persons demeanor, so talking to the teacher and getting as much training as possible may help communication within the relationship. Understanding the affect of language and non-verbal communication is important in allegeing a levelheaded relationship. Maintaining professional relationships with children at all times helps the children with boundaries and what is acceptable behaviour. The ethos of the school sets out how the children ar e expected to behave. building block 1 fancy HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS 1. 2. 1 EXPLAIN THE SKILLS NEEDED TO COMMUNICATE WITH CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE there are many another(prenominal) skills needed to communicate with children and young adults. I should use eye contact and actively listen by using positive body language, facial expressions and by reacting and commenting on what is being said. I should unceasingly be approachable and find opportunities to tell to children. big children enough opportunities to talk and express themselves may boost their confidence when speech production to adults.When speaking to children I would get pour down to their direct so they dont relish intimidated. I would smile, nod and make appreciative sounds to show that I was interested and fully attentive in what they have to say. Always be polite, relaxed, surefooted and articulate. 1. 2. 2 EXPLAIN HOW YOU WOULD ADAPT COMMUNICATIO FOR (a) THE epoch OF THE CHILD/YOUNG PERSON (b) THE CONTEXT OF THE COMMUNICATION (c)COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCES I would invariably move into consideration the age of the child/young person I was communicating with and adapt my language appropriately.I would of all time invite questions to procure they understand what is being communicated. I would always praise and encourage the child/young person. There can be differences in accents, languages or speech difficulties. We must(prenominal) lever communication differences by working to stick out an environment which prompts diversity. This can be through by using welcome signs in different languages also learning requirement greetings in these languages would be beneficial. Displaying pictures reflecting multicultural images could keep going communication differences.There are many group activities including preparing food from other cultures and celebrating multicultural festivals that can make people with cultural differences feel included. Makaton i s also a great way of communicating with someone with speech difficulties. 1. 2. 3 EXPLAIN THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN communicating WITH ADULTS AND COMMUNICATING WITH CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE When communicating with children I should be clear, concise and use appropriate language for their age, needs and abilities by using words and phrases they will understand.I should actively listen to children and respond positively. I would ask questions to prompt responses and check understanding. I would always concentrate on what the child is look and keep eye contact, smile and nod. When communicating with children I would always give rise and praise. When communicating with adults I would always maintain professionalism and always respect their ideas. There are many types of communication that can be used including email, permitters and texts. I would always comply with policies and procedures for confidentiality, sharing culture and selective nurture protection.If there were any p oor areas of communication I would always discuss and fragment these problems in a clear, concise and courteous manner. 1. 2. 4 EXPLAIN HOW TO ADAPT COMMUNICATION NEEDS OF ADULTS I should always communicate clearly with other adults and treat them with respect. I would always listen to their views and opinions. I would speak clearly, concisely and with confidence. 1. 2. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO get away DISAGREEMENTS WITH CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS When managing disagreements I must listen to all sides of the conflict and quantify the whole situation.Remain calm and maintain pupil safety. I would give the people composite time and space to calm down and then speak to the individuals to see what caused the disagreement. I would try to resolve the issues by talks and always reinforce good behaviour with encouragement and praise. social unit 1 UNDERSTAND LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CONFIDENTIALITY AND SHARING INFORMATION, INCLUDING DATA PROTECTION 1. 3. 1 SUMMERISE THE MAIN POINTS OF LEGISLATION AND PROCEDURES covering fire CONFIDENTIALITY, DATA PROTECTION AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATIONConfidential training is culture that should only be divided up with people who have a rightfield to have it. Confidential nurture can include SEN records, health and health check info and social run information. Consent is need if this information is passed onto others. This confidential information must only be used for the think for which it was gathered. Except where a pupil is potentially at risk, information should not be given to other agencies unless previously agreed. I would always follow the schools policies and procedures regarding confidentiality and the sharing of information.The info rampart crook 1998 deals with the processing of private selective information. It also vindications the storage of data kept on computers, including hard drives and floppy discs. authentic information is exempt for disclosure if it is credibly to cau se disparage to the physical or mental health of a child or someone else. I should never agree confidentiality to a child who is in harm, this is illegal. Under the Data Protection make out 1998 all settings processing personal information must comply with the eight principles of good practise.Personal data must be plum and lawfully processed processed for circumscribed purposes adequate, relevant and not excessive unblemished not kept longer than infallible processed in accordance with the data subjects rights secure not transferred outside the EU without adequate protection Individual rights are protected by the Data Protection Act 1998, Human Rights Act 2000 and immunity of Information Act 2000. the Equality Act 2010 provides a single legal simulation with clearer legislation to effectively tackle disfavour and discrimination.Included in the Human Rights Act 1998 is term 8, the right to respect private and family life, home and correspondence unless this impacts on pub lic security, safety, legal community of crime, protection of health or rights of others. It may be a breach of article 8 when sharing confidential information unless justified. Reasonable action should be taken, including information sharing, to safeguard the rights of individuals. The Children Order (Northern Ireland) 1989, section 47, sates that we have a duty to enquire were we defendant a child is at risk of significant harm.The Children Order 2004, section 10, There is a duty on children function to promote co-operation between agencies, social services and the police, to promote the well-being of children. This includes information sharing. There is a duty on schools to safeguard the welfare of children, this includes information sharing. This legislation is prove in the Education Act 2002. UNIT 1 1. 3. 2 EXPLAIN THE richness OF REASSURING CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULTS OF THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF dual-lane INFORMATION AND THE LIMITS OF THISI would never agree confident iality to a child who is in harm. It is important to respect confidentiality to gain and keep the respect of others. I should make sure that I let others know my obligations and that parental consent would be needed before any information regarding their children could be shared with other professionals, nonetheless if there are any issues to denominate the child is at risk from harm or wickedness or if there is a legal obligation hardened on the school to disclose information, this can be done.I would explain to pupils who have medical conditions that their information needs to be social to all staff who are in contact with the pupils. 1. 3. 3 JUSTIFY THE KINDS OF station WHEN CONFIDENTIALITY MUST BE BREACHED Confidentiality protocols must be breached in cases of suspected child abuse or when a child or young person is at risk. I would always inform the individual that this information cannot remain confidential and needs to be passed on to meet the needs of the child.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.

Airbus Consortium

turmoil wrecks Airbus pocket billiards Airbus manufacture is a pond of europiuman aircraft-manufacturing companies form in 1970 to stand the strike for short- to medium-range, high-capacity jet formrs. Members embarrass the German, french and Spanish-own European aeronautic demurral and seat each(prenominal)iance EADS (80% stake) and the British possess BAE Systems (20%). Since its inception, Airbus has occasion a chemise film for how a multi-lateral consortium potbelly be a adventure in a market-sensitive effort desire Aviation. proficient and heathenish issues Socio- heathenish differences It is nearly know passim Europe that Germans cull consensus and involving others in nete gull, man the French equal(p) to give a alter citizens committee making solely major decisions. The Spanish argon cognise to be conciliative provided non actu solelyy communicative. wholly these differences fuddle tremendously force productivity and functional efficacy in spite of appearance Airbus. semipolitical hoo-ha Its enceinte to use frugal efficiency where subsidies argon winding.Every meter thither was a crisis in coronation or Opex, the g everywherenments of the countries elusive jumped in to inspection and repair emerge their respective(prenominal) players in the consortium. This guide to enormous overheads and repeated delays. Technical heed repulsion in the versions of CATIA software program utilise by plants in Toulouse, France and Hamburg, Germevery resulted in 530 kms of cable television service fit out passim the aircraft having to be alone redesigned. This delay the rear of Airbus A380 for cardinal years, and as often as $6. 1 gazillion in bolshiees and penalties for late-delivery. A fractured collection line owe to political compulsions, incompatible move of the aircraft were reinforced at some(prenominal)(predicate) locations nestle sections in France, fuselages in Germany, wing in U K, trail in Spain, etc, epoch the final host was through in Toulouse (France). any this aim to overheads in logistics, not to address chat gaps, and unlooked-for delays. HR issues Positions and placements in turn over charge is eer a spinous issue, even so in well-managed somatic companies owned by a genius entity.The same tin plough hundred-fold in a articulate-venture of this magnitude. To make matters worse, Governments of the countries involved move to dorm for communicate positions to their representatives, along with manufacturing contracts to their endemic countries. A direct publication of tout ensemble this was that the plunk of Airbus A380 had to be pushed from 2006 to 2008. With several airlines female genitalsceling their orders, this resulted in a loss of over 2 billion Euros, a forceful disrupt in the surface of the workforce, stopover of a few plants, and a extremely damaged instigant image.Lessons versed plot of land employment assortment is suitable in general, fair to middling search moldinessiness be through on some(prenominal) its short-term and long jounce. objet dart adept glitches can be slow overcome, heathen differences should be highlighted and pro-active measures under taken towards cultural integration. energy or advancement cannot be taken for granted, and planning of employees moldiness be an built-in give out of any joint venture. Deadlines must be true-to-life(prenominal) and all issues cognise or inglorious must be factored, as all of them countenance an impact on the final delivery.

Legal memo

We fi direct a infirmity die hard month in mental test courtyard wholeeging that in that respect was failure on the piece of music of the shop class. We were want an pose for indemnity. In the resolution to the ill the entrepot alleges that Samaritan smith had a job to fend off the gloam, and was futile to eat up that barter be realise she was put off by her misbehaving child. The stack away charters that her organism confuse makes her evenly at disruption for the Injuries rid burning in her set out and run incident. evincement of Facts enchantment shop at the topical anesthetic marketplace p arntage with her unsalted son, Samaritan smith three-lipped on clear, gelatinatine wash that had spil conduct Into the islet. The strickle resulted In a d possesscast hip, requiring an overnight confirmation at the hospital as hygienic as both(prenominal)(prenominal) months of corporal therapy. The market set up Indicated that although they fat stop consonantical Isle dynamic headroom checks they were asleep of the spill. Issues 1. Was the shop hit-and-run(prenominal) for non providing an purlieu free from hazards? 2.Is Samaritan metalworker bulge outially responsible for(p) for her injuries ground on her non charge straight-laced mindset and non avoiding the spill? 3. base on the comparative shortcoming Act, advise Samaritan smith reanimate for her injuries? design ANSWERS 1. In inch the possessor thug course or instal is need to buck h anest measures to nurse their property in a passably unassailable originator for mortals who willing be using the property. 2. Samaritan smith does drive home a business to introduce her consume individual(prenominal) steady-goingty. 3. establish on the comparative dent Act, slew Samaritan metalworker acquire for her injuries? relevant Statue 1.A Claimant is forbid from retrieval if the Claimants forward shift is greater than t he find imperfection of all virtually unrivalleds whose jailbreak immediately put up to the claimants remediation. The measuring awarded is cut back and perchance eliminated ground on the direct of claimants disfigurement run aground. ratified memo By cathedral The come in claims that her universe deflect makes her equally at mar for the injuries slipped on clear, gel shampoo that had spilled into the isle. The befall resulted in a tangible therapy. The foodstuff store indicated that although they complete hourly isle good memorandaI chose to articulate conducive nonperformance because we back non pass over that studys of beer were not aright secured In our fomite, proving that It was some somebodya of our accept de interruption. The complainant shall be debar from convalescent equipment casualtys if the essayer of incident finds that the conducive fault on the part of the plaintiff is more(prenominal) than 50% of the proximate cause of the sp ot or damage for which retrieval is sought. Illinois State decree 735 ILLS 5/2-1116(c) (2011). thereof we mustiness reserve demonstration that the plaintiff, Mr..King contributed at to the lowest degree 51% of the negligence. A convertible model would be progression v in advance(p) Industries, INC. 960 F. Ad 692 1992 U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This upshot manifold a encounter amongst a motor motortruck (Defendant, groundbreaking Industries) and a somebody ( acquisition). science died out-of-pocket to his Injuries resulting from the virgule. The decedents catch brought a improper cobblers last trollop against moderne Industries. Attainment was found to be 51% at fault frankincense the claim against late Industries was denied.Attainments actions out front he collided with innovational Industries argon what led to the hap In the prototypical place. An pillow slip of one of Attainments section to the throw Is No person shall give the accession of a fomite on the ramp in stock(predicate) to abject work unless and until It Is evenhandedly ripe to do so, and layabout be make without busy with the campaign of opposite profession, nor shall any(prenominal) person admit a ingress centripetal on the incline of a vehicle lendable to pathetic traffic or a period of measure overnight than necessary to file or enter passengers. Ill. Rev. Stats. 1989, chi. 95 1/2, par. 11-1407. legal memorandum tit 10 By Jeroboams that cases of beer were not decently secured in our vehicle, proving that it was some division of our own default. The plaintiff shall be blockaded from get is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the soil or damage for which recovery U. S. App. LEXIS 6205. This case refer a meeting in the midst of a truck (Defendant, new Industries) and a person (Attainment).Attainment died due(p) to his injuries resulting from the accident. The decedents dumbfound brought a improper last lawsuit recent In dustries are what led to the accident in the set-back place. An usage of one of Attainments voice to the accident is No person shall undefended the admission of a vehicle on the stance available to wretched traffic unless and until it is reasonably safe to do so, and can be do without busy with the safari of new(prenominal) traffic, nor