The Issue of Marital Rape Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Issue of Marital bobble - Research Paper ExampleNorms of the current age are based on equality and keep of each other while maintaining the status of equal partners. In legal and social parlance, it was believed that marriage was an debut in which sex between the partners is always legal irrespective of the fact that the wo public is ready for it or not. The man was allowed to use her lady and she was bound by his commands. There was no concept of sexual infringement and rape in a marital relationship even a century ago. It is pertinent to dismantle here that a law is an off shot of aspirations of the society in which its citizens decide that how they would view a balanced society and on which ground they would like to judge the other and to be judged. Historically, law unless like other segments of the society- was reluctant to admit any interpretation of forced sex in a marital relationship as a rape. union was considered as a license for a man to take over sexual relat ions with his wife even against her wish. But gradually, now society and the law have evolved otherwise. Marriage is a knot between a man and woman, where both agree to pull round in concert for love and continuation of their family through their children. Marriage may be defined as An agreement make in due course of law where a man and woman reciprocally decide to live with each other during their joint lives, in the union which ought to exist between husband and wife1. Marriage is the relationship where cohabitation is not only for the purpose of sexual pleasure only but also for share-out love and grief, hot and cold, and to work for the comfort of life together. The design of marriage is the oldest and the only permanent institution of any society. It was there when no other institution was there and till today, all the society posses it in one way or the other.

Me experience from the Engineering management Essay

Me experience from the Engineering management - Essay ExampleMost engineering companies or engineers emphasize more on technical ability as the most important requirement this is full(a) but, for success in the engineering professional, technical ability should be accompanied by management and lead skills. An engineer with no ability to influence other mint, manage priorities and make good decisions might not realize his full potential this is because the technical skill does not contribute a lot to team management. Sometimes engineering with technical skill and no management and leadership skills argon forced to go for training in leadership skills, presentation skills, communication skills and business skills therefore, the executive management supports the training. This experience has taught me that to fence in the engineering profession I should not only sharpen my technical skills but as well as leadership and management skills. In any profession, one must work together wit h others to attain the goals beat by the organization therefore, teamwork is crucial this means that any one joining engineering profession should be ready to work together with other engineers and technical experts, and this calls for teamwork. Teamwork calls for trust, because lack of trust hinders teamwork, after my second year, I had an experience in Engineering design group with an NGO this program was meant to empower the urban jejuneness and artisans economically. This project required teamwork the university students had to team up with the urban artisans to come up with sound machines for the production of briquettes. During this program, acquired skills on communication, coordination with others, sharing of information, listening to other people opinions and understanding others am allow foring to keep this experience with me and advance on the skills learnt by experiencing other teams. All teams be not the same because of different team members and tasks therefore, i t go out be good for me to engage with many different groups and learn more on how to be effective in teams. This will suffice me to have vast knowledge on teamwork, and compete well in the job market as a graduate. There are also university projects, which require student involvements, this projects are done in teams, and I would not waste this chance with good avenues for developing teamwork skills. Students are people we will combine efforts in the same field or even rivals, and working with them will wee-wee me a different experience of cooperating with people on the same level and with different views. This will help me to know how people with the same level of education withdraw issue and their contribution and general behavior. This will give me an idea of what I expect from people in the same profession. Sometimes engineers do not realize how much they lose by not having management skills most engineering firms are headed by people who have done business and management c ourses, while those with who have done engineering courses are left to head only departments in the firm. It is time for engineers to wake and work on their management skills for them to take up those big positions in big engineering firms. I want to be more competitive when applying for a job in engineering firms and other related firms immediately after graduating with bachelors in engineering, I will enroll for a diploma in management this is to equip myself with management skills through training. A diploma in management and a degree in engineering will give me a better chance to get management positions in engineering firms this is when compared to my fellow graduates with only a bachelors degree. unconnected from gaining top management positions, engineers always head projects in a firm, one need to be adequate to organize resources of both time money and human force to attain the goal of

SOAP notes 1 & 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOAP notes 1 & 2 - Essay ExampleThe long-suffering moreover complains of general weakness of the whole body, painful aches all over his body, and itchy eyes, together with a running schnoz, sore and dry throat. He further complains of coughing. The patient by and by denies that he has any form of nausea and vomiting. The history of the male patient is that he has been experiencing horrendous arctic and nose blockage since birth. This shows that the patient has been having this problem ever since he was young. Further evidence shows that he has been downstairs(a) medication for the past years. He further claims that the drugs that he is been administered has been giving him difficulties during feeding and moreover during sleep. The patient further has a history of diabetes which he inherited from his parents. This diabetes has led to the lowering of his immune system response and the decelerate healing of wounds. This is manifested by the presence of the non - healing wounds on his right leg. ROS Diabetes. Head The patient claims of severe and occur headaches. ENT The patient complains of severe pain and discomfort during eating and as well as when talking on his throat. Eyes The patient experiences sore and itchy eyes. He further experiences blurred vision due to the presence of tears on his eyes. Cardio The patient complains of pain in the chest while breathing and coughing. ... The patient complains of a recurring and severe headache and sore throat. Allergies The patient is not experiencing any form of allergy towards dust, cold, or drugs. Medications The patient is under the medication of diabetes that he inherited from his parents. -Acetaminophen drug -Tylenol -Ibuprofen (Advil and Motrin) -Cough syrup -Other diabetes drugs PMH -Diabetes -Wounds that take time to heal -Severe fever -Chills historic surgical hx The patient has never undergone any form of surgical operations. Family hx The patient has diabetes that he inherited from his parents. sociable hx The patient is married. Have three children one son and two daughters. He denies that he uses drugs, but he smokes and also drinks alcohol. Objectives Vitals HR 71, BP 118/71, RR 21, T 103.0 oral Physical exam The patient has a store group of O+ (positive). He has unclear speech, and uses a lot of energy to walk. Cardio The patient has a continual rhythm and rate. Resp The bilateral breath of the patient is not very clear because of sore throat and nose blockage. Thus, he is having difficulty in breathing. Skin Dry, warm, the nose and the cheeks are pink in color. The patient also has flushed skin. Abd Soft and non - distended. Lymph There is presence of palpated lymph nodes under the armpits and other locations of the body. Stool for OC Negative Labs (1/4/12) pre blood transfusion HGB 7.9, HCT 25.6, white corpuscle 12, PLT 469, RBC 2.21, MCV 87, ALBUMIN 2.0, PRE ALBUMIN 20.1, GLOBULIN 5.0, IRON 27 Labs (1/10/12) post transfusion HGB 10.6, HCT 30.9, WBC 10, PLT 43 0, RBC 4.21, MCV 84, RDW 15.3, RETIC COUNT 1.7, BUN 29, CR 1.12, GFR 43. 2D Cardiac Echo (10/09/11) EF 50 60% most valuable player ENT

Data Mining Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining Questions - Essay ExampleThese searches contain documents, reading about documents, selective information about info, text, audio, images and etc.Like information retrieval, data mining also involves fabrication information. With data mining query, it is inquiries on trends on the information gathered from large databases or large measuring rod of data. Data mining query uses software or web analysis services in kind through large data and picking pieces of relative information to show precedents or relationships that are embedded, wait to be discovered and possibly constructive.A databases performance is measured according to its design, effectiveness when used to take information, constantly updated and of course the amount of data available for which it was constructed for.Metric measures of performance are available to measure the effectiveness of the information retrieval. These are precision, recall, F-measure and Mean- bonny precision. Precision is the pro portion of the pertinent documents to all documents retrieved and recall is the proportion of applicable documents that are retrieved to all relevant documents available. ... A databases performance is measured according to its design, effectiveness when used to ask information, constantly updated and of course the amount of data available for which it was constructed for. Metric measures of performance are available to quantify the effectiveness of the information retrieval. These are precision, recall, F-measure and Mean-average precision. Precision is the proportion of the relevant documents to all documents retrieved and recall is the proportion of relevant documents that are retrieved to all relevant documents available. Consecutively, F-measure is the weighted harmonic mean of precision and recall and the mean average precision where average precision refers to the average of the precision after each relevant document is retrieved. For data mining query, its measure of perf ormance can be measured in the exactness of the outcome of the data mining to the intended inquiry and if there other possible usable discoveries produced in that query. 3.) Clearly pardon the concept of summarization with an example.Reference Wikipedia, Online Free EncyclopediaData mining is centered on ascertain aims from data. Queries often lead to a collection of patterns which can be regarded as a summary of data. Since pattern collections summarizing the data are often very large, it is then difficult to summarize pattern collections. Some of the proposed and analyse methods of summarizing pattern collections are 1) Quality value simplifications. 2) Pattern orderings. 3) Pattern chains and antichains. 4) Change profiles. 5) Inverse pattern discovery. For quality value simplifications, pattern collections are

Micro economics 300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Micro economics 300 - Essay ExampleThis tuition is enough to draw the pick up curve of this product because we have got three points. For example, p1=8 and q1=4 p2=6 and q2= 6 p3=4 and q3=8. This will appear on a graph as shown below(d) revenue imposition will increase the price of estimable 2. This will have a negative nitty-gritty on good 2 because it will reduce its demand. This means it will affect the demand compare of good 2. Suppliers will transfer the tax on good 2 to customers in form of increase price of good 2.As per assumption ii, the good has a positive cross elasticity of demand i.e. more than one. This implies if the price of substitute goods increases, the demand of good x increases and the reverse is true.According to assumption iii, good x has got positive income elasticity of demand. That is the good is income elastic. If the disposable income of a consumer increases its demand increases and if it reduces, the demand will excessively reduce.(b) (i) Implies t hat the good is price elastic - if its price is reduced, there will be an increase in the total demanded, and if the price is increased, there will be a decrease in the quantity demanded. (ii) implies that if the customers disposable income increases the quantity demanded increases and criminality versa. (iii Implies that if the price of substitute products increases, the quantity demanded for this product will increase and vice versa.A monopoly firm is never a price taker as in the case of perfect contestation market. It has powers to set prices at the profit maximizing level. This occurs where the marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Moving vertically to the demand curve, this will dictate the price and the quantity produced. Monopolies therefore end up making anomalous profits.Perfect competition market is price taker. This means that the forces of supply and demand dictate the price of

Responses to two memo discussion Module 3 Article

Responses to two memo treatment Module 3 - Article ExampleBecause of this, organizations will be competent to respond to various inevitably of the stakeholders without taking much time. Additionally, networking will save the company from frequent travelling since it will be able to share information as well as files with minimal time wastage. Therefore, the memo is on brain on the benefits of networking an organization.This is in response to memo 2 titled, Computer Networking Standards Recommendation dated on June 26th, 2014. I agree with the memo that the increasing and the advancement of technologies are making it difficult for companies technicians to cope with emerging softwares. Therefore, the developments of companies that helper organizations to integrate the softwares in managements is brilliant.Organizations dont have to hire computer networking staffs every time they find out a new system, but can use the automated systems from companies such as Cobit, Sam IT among ot hers in understanding an organization and driving the values of the shareholders. They will offer support and on site and contrasted diagnostics which is essential for organizational

External Sources of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Sources of Finance - Essay ExampleFinancing decisions are normally real fundamental considerations to be made by any multinational corporation like Acme which seeks to endanger into large scale operations. As such, the whole prerogative clearly rests on the finance managers to appropriately take away the best financing method out of the myriad option available in the world today. The variant option of finance that Acme asshole opt for are lucidly outlined below. The corporation can opt for the issuance of preference or ordinary shares in order to raise sufficient upper discipline for the foreign expansion. This is a major stemma of finance for close organizations across the world. Its advantage lies in the particular that it is non-redeemable. As such, it is an existing and permanent source of finance that is not to be re remunerative like new(prenominal)wise sources of fund. The quittance process only occurs upon the winding up of the company. On the contrary, it can be argued that this form of financing has the disadvantage of diluting the ownership strength of the company since it involves the addition of new shareholders into the company (Steffens 45-9). In the same vein, as the summate of shareholders increases, the control of the company becomes very difficult as decision making becomes very procedural and bureaucratic due to the wide consultation needed before any major decisions are made. Bank loansLoans from banks and other financial institutions are usually good sources of finance for business organizations. Obtaining such loans is always simple for most large organizations that are known to have wide capital bases. The use of loans as a source of financing has the advantage that it never leads to a loss of direction for the business as in the case of issuance of new shares. Bank loans are normally long- circumstance sources of finance and can always be obtained in large sums unlike other sources. In most cases, loans are empl oy to buy opinionated assets such as vehicles and machinery. The major disadvantage of using loans as sources of finance revolves around the huge interests paid (Gopalan 67). Most banks charge very high interest rates and it therefore becomes unprofitable to acquire loans without the confidence that the business will raise sufficient profits to cover for the high interest rates. Short term loans can also be obtained in form of overdrafts in which case most banks need no collateral. However, bank overdrafts are always charged at very high interest rates than other loans. Debentures The issuance of debentures is also another source of capital that Acme can adopt for its expansion program. Debentures are usually units of loan which a company issues to the debenture holders and are usually traded like shares. The advantages and limitations of using debentures are basically similar to those of most bank loans. The loans are usually obtained from other companies, individuals or financi al institutions. In that regard, Acme will then be prepared to repay the debenture holders the interest accrued. One collision characteristic of a debenture is that it is only backed by the company without any form of collateral like other loans. It therefore leaves the companys assets free which can then be used to obtain further financing in the future. Leasing Leasing is one of the most common sources of financing in the progressively competitive business environment. In essence, a business cannot purchase all the fixed assets it requires to set up operation in a foreign land. Leasing enables companies to

Is the Claim that PRSPs Increase National Ownership of Programmes Assignment

Is the Claim that PRSPs Increase National Ownership of Programmes through broad Participation Substantiated in Specific Country Contexts - Assignment ExampleThe adoption by topical anesthetic governments of policies advanced(a) by international donor organizations like the IMF and World Bank often leaves doubt about the measuring rod of relevance that they have for the states represented by these local governments. Ownership can be considered as influenced by the extent to which the PRSP reflects policies tailored to fit the needs of the individual country, and this might be seen as indicative of the center of involvement (at all levels of the society) granted the nation in its compilation. Previous attempts at formulating written strategies for reducing impoverishment (such as the Policy Framework Paper) had resulted in almost the entire documents being drafted by the IFI in question (Piron & Evans, 2004). The PRSP differs in that it must be drafted by the country hoping to re ceive the grant or debt cancellation. Ownership can be called into question on more than one level. First, ownership by the local government can be questioned because of the nature of the document. The fact that grants and debt cancellations are dependent on its completion and boon by the IFI raises doubts as to whether the policies represented will originate with and reflect the needs of the recipient government and not the donor groups. Doubts also arise concerning the extent to which the nation as a whole may be said to own the PRSP, as internal frictions and disjointedness within the levels of government as well as amid and among local non-governmental organizations may also prevent the documents being representative of the different levels and sections of society. The pith of the term participation is also relevant in the consideration of ownership of PRSPs. Participation can weave from cursory and superficial consultation of the local governments on the one hand, to (on th e other hand) the empowerment of that government by entrusting it with a decision-making part in the process.

Operations Management - Toyota Corporation In China Coursework

Operations Management - Toyota Corporation In China - Coursework exemplificationChina is such foodstuff. In the past, the Chinese market was quite attractive for organizations in different industries the special(prenominal) market has been very popular especially for firms operate in the manufacturing sector. This market has attracted the interest of Japanese firms, which necessitate been aware of the markets prospects, mostly because of its size. However, through the years, the terms of operations in the Chinese market suffer been differentiated. The increase of wages and taxes has reduced the level of profit. Still, the Chinese market is quite important for firms operating in the manufacturing industry. Toyota has entered the Chinese market about 30 years before. Initially, the growth of the firm in the particular proposition market has been impressive. However, gradually, the firms performance in China has been declined, a fact which has been mostly connect to the failures in the firms operational strategy. The recent efforts of the firm to upgrade its operational strategy and rebel a research and development unit in China are expect to highly public assistance the organizational performance offering to the organization a competitive advantage towards its rivals.IntroductionBecause of the continuous expansion of globalisation, the decisions of firms to hit the roof their activities internationally are highly depended on the perspectives available in regard to business activities in for each one country. China can be characterized as one of the strongest countries worldwide in terms of its financial perspectives. The oddment decade, the rapid development of entrepreneurial activities crossways China has led to the increase of the countrys conflict in the global market. At the same time, the determined exchange rate, which the countrys policy makers have initiated, has further supported the development of the country as a popular destination for businesses of all types (Horch 2009). However, the hardened exchange rate in China has not helped towards the control of inflation, which in 2008 has reached the level of 8.5%, the highest level since 1996 (Rongala 2008). The kindred between the fixed exchange rate and inflation in China explains the following phenomenon firms and capital from many an(prenominal) countries worldwide have entered the Chinese market in order to enjoy the benefits of the countrys fixed exchange rate policy (Horch 2009). However, through the years, the increase of inflation, which resulted because of the above policy, led to the increase of manufacturing costs across the country (Rongala 2008). As a result, manufacturing cos

Great Recession and Job Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Great nook and Job Market - Research Paper ExampleBecause of the enormous advancements in technology and the subsequent developments in industrial sectors, it is a fact that hire out openings are huge in number in many parts of the humankind. America and Europe are regions which are face up severe manpower shortages in the employment market. For example, the majority of the nursing professionals working in America and European countries are from India, Pakistan or Philippines like countries where manpower resources are surplus. Moreover, America is currently outsourcing a substantial piece of ground of their occupancys to Asian countries because of skilled manpower shortage. According to a study, More than 1.3 million additional Western jobs exit vanish by 2014 due to the accelerated movement of work to India and other offshore locations (Statistics Related to offshore Outsourcing). Jacob (2011) has pointed out that There are millions of Americans that have not been able to draw a full-time job even after searching hard for an entire year (Jacob) At the same time, it should be renowned that the current ecological niche was not much serious when we compare it with the Great Depression in the disco biscuit preceding WW2. However, one of the surprising facts is that unemployment problems were not much severe during Great Depression as in the case of current break. The unemployment rate in the United States was last reported at 9.1 percent in September of 2011. From 1948 until 2010 the United States Unemployment Rate averaged 5.70 percent (United States Unemployment Rate). In short, both Great Depression and current recession affected the employment market differently. During Great Depression many graduates were able to land a job due to the scarcity of qualified workers, but in the current Great Recession, there is an abundance of college graduates and the admit for them has gone down immensely because of the availability of cheap comminute in oth er parts of the world in this extremely globalized world. During Great Depression, the number of qualified people was less in number whereas the fill for qualified people was more. In other words or in terms of economics, supply of labour force was not adequate to meet the demands during the Great Depression period. It should be noted that industrial revolutions were victorious place across the world during that period and therefore job openings in the manufacturing sector was huge. Population size was not so big during the Great Depression period compared to that in the current Great recession period. Moreover, people were not much interested in getting college education during Great Depression period, as they do now. In short, smaller macrocosm size and smaller literacy rates helped the qualified people to find suitable employment during the Great Depression period. However, the case is entirely different during the current Great Recession period. The evolution population in the country has led to the ratio or percentage of unemployed to increase. It has to be taken into notice or consideration that jobs do not increase with the increase in population (About Reasons for Unemployment in The US). Even though population growth rates in America are comparatively low to the standards of some other countries, it is a fact that employment opportunities in America is not growing as fast as the population is growing.

How does the shareholder model of corporate governance impact in the Essay

How does the sh areholder model of corporate governance impact in the circumspection of labour - Essay ExampleAccording to Peterson (2005), transparency, from the shareholder perspective, allows for an opportunity to judge performance of a federation (p. 59). Because there are measurable differences between the goals of managers and shareholders, corporate governance structures are put into place to determine that appropriate require are met.Because the shareholder model of corporate governance is delayricted towards the goals of only the investors, near businesses will eventually evolve into a stakeholder form of governance. In this model, all parties that have an interest in the business are taken into consideration. This would identify investors, managers, suppliers, customers, employees, the government and the community all as partners within the goals of the corporation. This lineament of structure acknowledges that the function of a corporation extends beyond the boundar ies of the interests of the investors. Without this acknowledgement and governance that takes the needs of all parties into consideration, a company will not always have the mechanisms in place to sufficiently satisfy the needs of all the interested parties, thus ultimately impacting the needs of the investors.The shareholder model of corporate governance, therefore, impacts the way in which labour is managed because it does not have the interests of employees as stakeholders as part of the structure. According to Hoffman (2007), the shareholder model is a predominate corporate structure in both the U.S. and U.K., where the stakeholder model is much predominant in the rest of Europe and Japan (p. 29). Companies that are designed with the shareholder model of corporate governance are more oriented towards short-term goals. Achieving short term goals and increasing immediate profits dominate the structure of the businesses. unmindful term oriented decisions and market strategies tha t involve higher yields in a shorter time frame are more prevalent than long term

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Essay - 1

Giving economic fate over the last five years of how Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons have coped - Essay ExampleFalling house prices which were caused by shortage of mortgages made the economy to worsen and investor fell short of repaying their loans. This act made lending institutions to balk their loaning as they feared that their customers were unable to repay.Another cause for recession in United Kingdom was greet push inflation which made civilised servants to squeeze their incomes and lower their disposal earnings. Citizen more so civil servants were very careful on every penny they spent for the cost of living had skyrocketed making them to beleaguer any impulse buying. Lack of confidence with financial sector reduced confidence in echt economy thus perpetuating low trading and therefore less revenue. Consequently, the retail sector which staggeringly depends on the buying behaviour of the customers was financially affected. The economic turmoil affected the overall retail sector cosmopolitan to a large extent, top retail giants including Tesco, and Sainsbury also faced decline in their share prices referable to a major brunt of the financial crisis (Hotten, 2008). Many retail sectors like the financial and other retail sectors did personal credit line cutting in order to combat the financial turmoil. Though the groceries giants like Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrison aimed at increasing the jobs only if due to the closure of some of the grocery depots like Tesco who closed its Daventrys depot of Fast substance distribution has resulted some job loss (The Tele interpret, 2008). However, in the last five years except 2008 and 2009 UK witnessed a positive GDP growth rate (BBC News, 2011). At the end of 2009 UK recovered from the global recession which was caused due to the ripple effects of the failure of subprime loans and bankruptcy of the big financial institutions but can be hugely affected due to the predicted recession of 2012 which may happen ma inly due to the debt crisis of the European countries (The Economic Times, 2011). The graph below shows how recession took place and the way

Homework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework 2 - Essay ExampleIt can as well be noticed in the records that Saudi Arabia had the highest dower of contribution while Comoros had the lowest percentage of contribution to the sum total of the Gross Domestic produce of the 22 Arab league members (Vijay 2012).The GDP was as well compared with that of the various countries. The first country that was compared with that of the 22 Arab League members was United Kingdom. From the records, it was clearly seen that in the year 2012, the GDP of the country was 2440 billion US dollars. This was slightly high than that of the 22 countries in question. It was later followed by Germany that had a GDP of 3600.8 billion US dollars in the aforementioned(prenominal) financial year, 2012 (Vijay 2012).The GDP of France and U.S were the highest compared to all the computed GDP of the other countries. In the year 2012, the GDP of France was found to be 2.613 trillion US dollars. This was many times the GDP of the 22 Arab countries in hand . The leading country in terms of the GDP was US that had a GDP amounting to 15.68 trillion US dollars (Vijay

Counter Terrorism & Emergency Responders Assignment

sound reflection Terrorism & Emergency Responders - Assignment ExampleThere was a report of the use of biological weapons during the arena War I.Alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation result from nuclear decays of some reactive metals such as uranium. All the quadruplet types of radiation cause almost similar problems in human health. For humans, they cause stochastic and non-stochastic personal effects. Stochastic effects result from prolonged exposure to too low levels of the radiations. Among the disorders in this category, cancer is the most common though there are also problems such as mutations. The non-stochastic disorders result from short-term exposures to high levels of radiations. Such disorders ease up adverse effects on the health of animals and humans. The associated problems develop faster than the stochastic. Cancer is still top of the list, with others in this category being aging of the skin, burns and radiation conflict (US, EPA, 2015).While investigating th e course of fire, experts weigh on several observations as well as training techniques. Before the 1970s, fire investigation personnel department did not depend on scientific approaches, but instead used witness-based methods. However, currently, they use experimental methods by first looking for the point of origin. They then proceed to look for ignition possibilities. In the event, that the fire investigators crap that the fire could have resulted from terrorism, they immediately inform the intelligence systems as a precaution. Usually, in the US, the counter-terrorism unit forms the core of the fights against terrorism (National Geographic, 2015).Usually, if someone swallows poisonous substance, the doctors induce pukeing after finding out from evidence what type of poison the victims might have consumed. For acids and alkalis, they do not induce vomiting because of the acid nature of such poisons. The vomit used gives a specimen for use in investigation and determination of the correct medication. For the case of corrosive vapor poisoning, the doctors do not have a

Water pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

piddle taint - Research Paper ExampleWater pollution has turned out to be a global threat that signifi washstandtly affects the existence of tenders,animals and plant.Water pollution is contamination of body of water ecosystems such as rivers,ground waters,oceans and lakes.It occurs with direct or indirect discharge of pollutants into water bodies without proper treatment. Polluted water is the main causes of clement infections and deaths with waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and typhoid fever. This portfolio report seeks to give detailed investigations on leading causes of water pollution and efforts being made to control water pollution. There are variant factors that contribute to the problems of water pollution namely, Industrial waste, sewerage, acid rain and surface runoff. There are non many a(prenominal) techniques of controlling this pollution and currently many researches are being carried out with the aim of decision helpful solution to these problems. The f irst major causes of water pollution include industrial waste and sewage that are discarded into water bodies. Most of these industrial and sewage waste contains chemicals some of which reacts with water forming deadly substances. These toxic substances are very harmful for both aquatic organisms and human beings when consumed. As the wastes, decay it uses up oxygen and this can affect almost of aquatic organisms since they depend on the oxygen in water to survive. Large accumulation of these wastes into the river blocks of waterways other clogs on the vital organs such as fish gills qualification it impossible for them to breathe thus causing death. Chemicals from these wastes also find their ways in the bodies of a human being when the water is used for irrigation and it contaminate plants and transmit infection to farm employees and consumers (Agarwal, 2005). A solution to this word form of water pollution would be frequent cleaning of affected rivers and carrying out water q uality interrogatory to determine the level of oxygen and different chemicals present in water. This can be done through analyses of water samples in the laboratory for both physical and chemical properties. Industries should also refrain from discharging their waste into rivers. Currently, many industries are using ion exchange technology to remove magnesium and calcium that causes water hardness. Ion exchange can process a wide range of chemicals and ply selective recovery. It consists of columns filled with resin beads that provide a large surface are for anion and cation sites. During the exchange, anionic resins exchange hydroxyl ions for negatively charged chlorides, chromates and sulfates. cationic resins exchange hydrogen ions (H+) for positively charged ions such as cadmium, nickel, sodium and copper. This technology has helped in removing most toxic chemicals from water thus reducing water pollution (Rao, 2006). Another cause of water pollution is acid rain. It results from burning of fossil fuels having a high level of sulfur. Burning oil and petrol from industries and wakeless commercial vehicles releases carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. After combining with water droplets in the atmosphere they results to organisation of weak solutions of nitric and sulfuric acids. When this solution undergoes precipitation they fall as acid rain. As this acidulous rain falls into water bodies, it is weakened but as time goes, it increases and eventually lowers the Ph of water. This increases the acidity levels of water bodies and destroys aquatic life. It also increases the acidity levels of soils, which can kill plants because it interferes with soil nutrients. Introduction of low sulfur diesels has helped in reducing the level of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide released during combustion. Invention of selective catalytic reduction technology which uses ad blue solution has also helped in reducing emissions from heav y vehicles. Ad blue is a solution of urea in water and is mostly used in diesel engines of heavy trucks. The ad blue solution helps

Cajun French Language Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cajun French row - Term constitution ExampleMost universities carry Latin mottos. Harvards is Veritas (Truth). An otherwise univesity has Veritas Liberabit Vos (The Truth Shall Set You Free) and the University of Chicago proudly banners its let motto which is Crescat scientia vita excolatur. Whether their students know its meaning is of no bearing . Latin and the rest of them cannot be extinct because someways they smooth find some use, such as in sacred rituals or liturgies, in scientific or legal functions or even as mottos. Dead spoken communications can comfort be bring round as what happened to Hebrew which already was on the verge of being extinct and was almost replaced by Aramaic but had been successfully revived to become a spoken style by majority of Jews. point Sanskrit is being redeemed from oblivion by residents of the Indian hamlet of Mathoor (Kushala). The Coptic language of Egypt continues to be employ as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and many a(prenominal) Coptic Christians want it revitalized. Latin is at the moment used in Roman Catholic Tridentine masses and law, and medical students have to training the meanings of so many Latin phrases.Aramaic , on the other hand, is on the verge of becoming an imperil language. ... Once the lingua franca of the whole Near East especially in Syria and Israel, it is now superseded by Arabic, the language of the conquering Islamic armies. But it is neither dead or extinct because as of today, the remote areas of Kurdistan still persist in using Aramaic as their native tongue and a modernized Neo-Aramaic is still spoken by 800,000 Christians in Near East, specifically the Nestorians, Chaldeans and Jacobites as well as 25,000 Jews (Joseph 223). The Origins of the Cajun French LanguageIt is a misconception to think of the French language as consisting of only one language i.e. the same language spoken in Paris and its environs. The truth of the matter is that in that location are more than 39 other componental dialects or patois other than the one spoken in Paris. Because of the political, commercial and cultural prestigiousness of Paris, its patois which is termed as MetropolitanFrench was accepted as the model French language. Other than this, there is the Provencal or Occitan patois, spoken in Southern France by about 12 million peck the Basque or Euskara, used by the Basques of southwestern France and also in Northern Spain the Picard Alsacien Breton Norman Vendeen Lorrain Walloon, Gascon and so many others. But our interest is focused on the patois spoken in two French western regions- Anjou and Poitou, France.Anjou is a western French province which is dissected by the Loire River. Its capital is the city of Angers. Poitou-Charantes meanwhile, is an adjacent region which is centered in the city of Poitiers. The dialect in these regions called Poitevin-Saintongeais. The other dialect is Limousin. But of interest to us is the for mer, because this is the dialect of those French

The appeal of TV police drama Essay Example for Free

The appeal of TV natural law drama EssayDiscuss the appeal of TV practice of law drama with particular reference to The musical note and In intricateThe Bill, shown on ITV1 at well-nigh 8.00, and In Deep shown on BBC1 at around 9.00, and after the news, atomic number 18 both police dramas. Therefore, they both ar targeted to police drama fans. However, there are differences between two.In The Bill, there are scores of different codes and conventions found in typical police dramas. For example, there is a police station, panda cars, uniformed and plain clothed police, who carry out usual tasks, such as dealing with burglary, assault, and racial abuse. In In Deep, there are also lots of codes and conventions of police drama, but they are different to that found in The Bill. For example, the policemen are plain clothed secret policemen, there is a secret operation, cover stories, involvement in drugs, and 24 hour surveillance on a potential bad guy, which gives the program more(prenominal) of a gangster police drama find about it.In The Bill, the narrative structure is very different to that in In Deep. It has very chop-chop scene changes, and lots of intertwining storylines, very like a soap opera, in that there are numerous storylines going on throughout the episode. This is probably the reason that it is put onto our screens at a primetime slot, and therefore appeals to audiences who select the soap genre. Because the episodes are on every week, the budget is lower, so thats why the main(prenominal)ly the same locations are used, and thats why it develops more of a soap formula, as they cannot do really big scenes.In Deep has the narrative structure of a film, rather than a soap. The storyline is focused around one main storyline, with lots of twists coincided with it. It also shows a lot more violence, and more brutal scenes, because it is a series, therefore has a higher budget to film and construct these scenes.The Bill and In Deep has lot s of enigma codes. For example, in The Bill, whether a baffleen up man will tell on the police man that beat him up, and is a suspect off work with somebody, or is she, likes she says, ill, and in In Deep, will the coppers covering as drug dealers killer the supplys wife. These enigma codes keep up the audience interest in watching to the difference of the episode.There is also a fair representation of policemen in both. In The Bill, you get to see more of the policemens personal life, and the question on how much personal life should be brought into the work place. In In Deep, the question is whether them acting as criminals is any better then the actually criminals themselves. All these points keep the smasher interested, and keeps audiences coming back to watch other episodes.

Finding a New Advertising Agency Essay Example for Free

Finding a untested advertizement Agency EssayIt started with a pair of certified earns to mini USAs Woodcliff Lake driftquarters in northern reviewerreshed Jersey in the summer of 2005. One of the earns was communicate to Jim McDowell, vice president and managing coach of miniskirt USA, the U.S. division of BMWs mini automobile strike out. The discriminate letter was to Trudy Hardy, food merchandise handler for mini USA and a direct report to McDowell. Both letters were from Scheid, Roberts, and Reicher (SRR),1 miniskirts publicize self-confidence since 2001, and both arrived at their respective destinations at al close to exactly the corresponding time. From her desk, which was non in the immediate proximity of McDowells office, Hardy sat back in her direct and opened the letter without the knowledge that McDowell had serious received a similar letter. Her thoughts and feelings as she broke the mould of the envelope and read the i-page letter disassoci ately confirmed previous suspicions but, nevertheless, include a sense of cracking disappointment and virtually hurt feelings. A r atomic number 18 event in the guest- advertizement agency alliance, SRRs letter informed Hardy that they would resign the mini account in order to pursue a big account with a com embraceing German automobile manufacturer.For Hardy, it was during the succeeding(prenominal) few moments that the gravitational force of the event began to sink in. SRR had been the ad agency for miniskirt ever since the months leading up to the U.S. launch of the red-hot MINI barrel maker, which was the first saucily gondola launched by the MINI brand since its learnedness by BMW several years earlier. In a time when the duration of a client- publicise agency relationship typically lasted for just to the highest degree ii years, the quislingism with SRR had been in her mind a cultivable one for almost five years. And in the analogous focal point that she belie ved the relationship had been extremely valuableto MINI, it was excessively hard for Hardy to believe that the same(p) did not pretend true for SRR as well. In 2001, the MINI account stood as one of the first major SRR client wins when it was a start-up agency with fewer than 50 employees. SRR had now grown to more than 300 employees, and the launch of the MINI make was an unquestioned conquest. In or so shipway, MINI and SRR had grown up together.1 Although this case is establish on actual events, Scheid, Roberts, and Reicher (SRR) is a fictional name for MINI USAs advertising agency from 2001 to 2005. For simplicity, hereinafter, MINI is manipulationd as opposed to MINI USA. 2 The BMW Group maintained a habitual rule that for each one BMW brand have its own advertising agency. For example, SRR could not work for BMW and MINI at the same time.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor David Go des prepared this case with the assistance of Research Associate Peter Wickersham. HBS cases are actual solely as the basis for single out discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of special data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management.Copyright 2007, 2008 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request license to reproduce materials, call 1-800-5457685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www.hbsp.harvard.edu. No divulge of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, delectationd in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, proveing, or other thanwithout the permission of Harvard Business School.Hardy began to think of the task before her. In one sense, if she were the merchandise manager for almost any other product, the selection of a new advertising agency might not have been such(prenominal) a critical task. But the MINI brand, in almost every respect, was rumfrom the design of the auto itself to the passionate owners of the motor gondola who, for example, often named their MINI make as they would a pet or family member. MINIs advertising since the launch of the Cooper had been highly unconventional, and although she had no immediate ideas of how to go away in finding a new agency, Hardy knew thatthe selection assist would need to be just as unique.The BMW Group and MINImini HistoryWe went round the works, and I drove him at a hell of a speedIm sure he was terrifiedbut hence he was so impressed by its road holding. We stopped outside his office. He got out of the car and he said, Go ahead and make it. Alec Issigonis, head of design for the Morris mini Minor (a.k.a, the miniskirt), conversation with Leonard Lord, death chair of British Motor Corporation (BMC), 19583 The twentieth century witnessed the creation of scores of automobiles, but it can be argued that hardly a handful of these cars transcended the others to become cultural icons. For several(prenominal) car en gum olibanumiasts, the short list of such cars might have included the likes of the Ford Model T or Volkswagen Beetle. For those living in the fall in Kingdom and Europe in the 40 years between 1959 and the end of the century, the Mini Minor and its descendants, including the legitimate Mini Cooper, would almost certainly have been counted among them.The genesis for what was to become the Mini was attributed to Leonard Lord in reply to the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt in September 1956. Since it was thought this action might disrupt or restrict the shipment of oil from the Middle East, Lord commissioned Alec Issigonis to design a small car intended for those seeking frugal transport. The design requirements were few and simple the world power to seat four people, pulmonary tuberculosis of a BMC engine, and an overall size littler than that of current BMC cars. Issigonis formed a team of eight designers and engineers.In one of their first meetings together, Issigonis dictated four wooden chairs on the shop class floor in deuce rows of two and asked four of his team members to sit in them. They then shuffled the chairs around on the floor until each could sit comfortably in a minimum of space. The rough dimensions were captured in chalk on the workshop floor the passenger space required was to be at least 8 feet 9 inches long, Purchased for use on the MSc worldwide Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. habitude permitted only within these parameters otherwise nexus emailprotectedWell, I guess theyre off to greener pastures, he said in a matter-of-fact tone. After bawl outing some more about the resignation, they soon turned their fear to finding a new partner. Listen, I have thorough confidence in you to find our next agency, M cDowell assured Hardy. It wont be easy, but you know our brand better than anyone. The only snapshot is that we should probably have this nailed down before the end of the year, which means early December. permits talk more once you have an idea of where youd like to take the search. With those words, McDowell left Hardys office.In addition to its small size (and in some cases because of it), the design of the Mini contained several other notable innovations. It was one of the first front-wheel-drive cars, and its engine was mounted transversely so as not to throw more than two feet to the overall length of the car. The wide spacing of the wheels allowed for more efficient passenger space, and thus more than 80% of the overall dimensions of the Mini were devoted to luggage and occupants. The design of the Mini as well as had some other unique consequences.First, the Minis simple layout do it easy for owners to modify the interior and outside(prenominal) of the car as a result, customization of the car became common. Second, its wide wheel spacing and low center of gravity made the Mini suitable for development of a racing variant of the car. An acquaintance of Issigonis, John Cooper, created the Mini Cooper in 1961 to be driven in rally races. The Mini Cooper was quite successful, loving the esteemed Monte Carlo rally in 1964, 1965, and 1967. In all, around 150,000 Mini Coopers were produced.The mass-produced version of the Mini was a success in terms of unit gross sales. It also attracted a cult-like following. Each of the four Beatles owned a Mini as did Peter Sellers and many other famous British celebrities of the day. In 1995, the Mini was voted Car of the Century by readers of Autocar, a U.K. car magazine.BMW Acquires MiniAlthough the Mini was universally considered a success, the same could not be said for the succession of parent companies that owned the brand. In 1968, British Leyland was formed when BMC merge with the Leyland truck allianc e. In 1975, British Leyland went bankrupt, and the caller-upwith classic brands such as Jaguar, rover, MG, Triumph, and Miniwas bought out by the British government. In 1988, the collection of surviving brands, now referred to as the Rover Group, was sell to British Aerospace, some other nationalized company. Along the way, there were notable investments made in the Rover Group by other car manufacturers, including Honda of Japan, which owned approximately 25% of the company at one time.Yet, the greatest investment and perhaps the biggest wonder occurred in 1994 when BMW, the German luxury automaker with 1993 sales of $18 billion, acquired Rover and its brands, including Mini, for $1.2 billion. In the eyes of fourth-year management at the BMW Auto Group (AG), the vision for the purchase of the Rover Group was to take the company into a new international era. Bernd Pischetsrieder, who was named chief executive officer of BMW AG in 1994, explained it this way The primordial to success is continuously changing your revolve about over the long term . . . in the 80s, we focused on enhancing the engineering process.Thekey emphasis for the 90s is globalization of the entire business, including financing, product engineering, styling, designing, manufacturing, and sourcing.4 Similarly, some intentness analysts believed that BMW could not afford to compete solely at the luxury end of a maturing world car trade. The acquisition of the Mini brand and the decision to develop the new MINI was seen as a solid system to offer less expensive cars without jeopardizing the integrity of the BMW brand.5 According to an analyst with Commerzbank, By slightly modifying an existing brand, effectively salt awaying a new vehicle into it, it avoids having to pay all the upfront salutes associated4 J. P. Donlon, Honk if you are global (interview with BMW CEO Bernd Pischetsrieder), Chief Executive, October 1, 1994. 5 BMW differentiated the new version of the Mini from the or iginal by capitalizing all four letters when referring to the new model (i.e., MINI).3Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedfeet 2 inches wide, and 4 feet 4 inches high. Ultimately, once the engine and luggage space were added, the Mini was designed to be just 10 feet in length (Exhibit 1).MINI USA Finding a New publicizing Agency (A)with developing a new brand. The costs of brand create cannot be chthonicestimated, as anyone at Daewoo would be quick to point out.6Not included in the deal to divest the Rover division, notably, was the MINIbrand as well as the manufacturing facility near Oxford, England. We knew we had a winner there. more to the chagrin of the British, we held onto it, McDowell would say later.Educational material supplied by The Case CentreCopyr ight encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9IOrder annex F240566Designing a New MINIThe design and development of the new MINI in the mid-1990s was to some at BMW the embodiment of the larger struggle to integrate the cultures of Rover and BMW. Between 1994 and 1999, there existed two develop MINI design teamsone British and one German. The British-based Rover designers and engineers for a lot of that time envisioned a rphylogenesisary design of the new MINI. One such MINI concept was unlike, the previous Mini in almost every way but was seen as a contemporary interpretation of Issigonis vision of building a small car with maximum passenger space (Exhibit 3). BMWs designers took a more evolutionary approach in terms of design combined with BMWs reputation for de have intercoursering high-performance, driver-oriented cars. On one darkness in 1998 at his home in Munich, Frank Stephenson, a BMW designer originally from the U.S., cast himself into the function of Issigonis, who was known for doo dling designs of cars on the back of napkins.On a kitchen towel, Stephenson sketched a series of updated versions of the original Mini to glitter modern trends in design and new technology see Exhibit 3 for a take sketch.7 In the end, it was Stephensons design that would form the basis of the new MINI. The official launch of the MINI was held at the Paris auto essay in 2000. During the show, senior BMW AG executives and Stephenson unveiled the new MINI to a rousing ovation. In explaining its design, Stephenson said, The MINI Cooper is not a retro design car, but an evolution of the original.It has the genes and many of the characteristics of its predecessor, but is larger, more powerful, more muscular and more exciting than its predecessor.8 Two issue models were to be launched in the U.K. (its historical home) in July 2001 a base model called the MINI One and a more upscale MINI Cooper. A sportier MINI Cooper S was to be launched soon thereafter in the U.K., and both the MINI C ooper and MINICooper S were scheduled for launch in the U.S. as well as other parts of the world in early 2002.Even though the first MINI Coopers were not scheduled to arrive until early 2002, work was well underway in 2000 to establish an organization to supportthe launch of the MINI in the United States. MINI USA was formal as a division of BMW of North America LLC and would percent the same headquarters in Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, as its parent organization. twat Pitney was named general manager of MINI USA, a unique distinction for individual with a marketing background as opposed to automotive engineering, manufacturing, finance, or sales.Kerri Martin was appointed MINIs marketing communications manager. Trudy Hardy was also recruited in 2001 as brand communications manager of MINI, reportage to Martin. The MINI USA headquarters organization was designed to be small (fewer than 25 employees), nimble, and highly creative. From the start, the church doctrine of the organi zation appeared to be, If another car company might take the same approach, MINI ought not. Martin, for instance, was commonly called by the title keeper of brand soul instead of marketing manager. Work proceeded quickly. By the end of 2000, www.miniusa.com was live and already receiving hits.As with the MINI USA headquarters organization, the existing BMW infrastructure was utilized to create a network of U.S. MINI dealerships. Nevertheless, in a similar fashion, great lengths were taken to establish MINI as its own brand. Approximately 70 dealerships in 31 cities were renovated to add an exclusive MINI showroom under a separate marquee. In derive, across all U.S. dealerships, first-year MINI sales objectives were expected to be 20,000 units, an amount Pitney viewed as aggressive but within reach. Base retail sticker prices for the MINI Cooper and MINI Cooper S models were fortune at about $18,000 and $21,000, respectively, including dealer shipment fees.Additionally, leveraging the accounting of customizations to the original Mini, each model carried an extensive list of optional equipment and exterior color schemes. For instance, the car capital alone could be painted at the factory with one of more than 10 color schemes, including a black-and-white checkerboard pattern as well as an image of either the Union Jack or American flag. Early expectations were that the MINI Cooper S would capture approximately 80% of sales due to its larger engine and better acceleration. Depending on the amount of optional equipment selected, the total price of a MINI Cooper S could exceed $25,000.Given its design and price range, plans were to position the MINI Cooper as a premium small carsomething that MINI saw as a new market niche. This was especially true because the MINI Cooper was smaller and more expensive than some of the better-established confederacy cars made by Honda, Toyota, and Nissan. Initial MINI marketing materials and media reports from auto shows portr ayed the MINI Cooper as a fashionable accessory to an affluent, urban-hipster lifestyle.9 However, early market research also indicated that the target market for the MINI was not limited to a specific demographic group or socioeconomic class but rather was more of a lifestyle choice or mind-set. For example, in surveys conducted before launch, effectiveness MINI buyers in the U.S. described themselves as young at heart or free spirited, a finding that was consistent among both young as well as older age groups.Moreover, the effectiveness MINI buyer appeared to be less concerned by the opinions of others and was independent minded. MINI and BMW AG displace a number of conclusions from this initial research. First, it was decided that further research should closely examine the psychographic factors associated with the purchase of a MINI, since the most fervent of potential MINI buyers seemed to have a common mind-set about the car, which was something that Pitney and others hoped to explore in greater detail. Second, the research confirmed to them that, unlike the original Mini, the new MINI should not be marketed as a car for the masses but instead to a particular segment of car buyers. Third, although it created 9 Suzanne Vranica, Cool Mini Cooper Prepares for Relaunch, The Wall Street Journal, February 14, 2001.Pitney and Martin thus recognized the importance of selecting an advertising agency with experience in nontraditional advertising such as promotional events, online advertising, and direct marketing. no(prenominal) of the large advertising agencies known for television advertising were invited to pitch the account, a decision that many industry observers viewed as bold and against the grain. DaimlerChryslers Chrysler Group unit, for example, had recently consolidated its $1.5 billion ad account at Omnicom Group. MINI also decided to base part of the compensation of the ad agency on the corporate opinions of its dealers, something that was uniqu e in advertising. Following a fourmonth review, SRR was selected as MINIs agency of record. A separate firm, Circle.com, was selected to handle their online technology strategy and customer relationship management (CRM) duties. Although MINI would not disclose it publicly, the MINI account was valued at about $25 million per year in terms of total marketing spend, a relatively modest size for an automotive client.Lets Motor The U.S. forward of the MINIThe U.S. Launch Campaign (20012002)By July 2001, in the eyes of Pitney, Martin, Hardy, and the rest of the MINI team, both the marketing strategy and the creative focus of MINIs U.S. launch (scheduled for knock against 2002) were taking shape. Moreover, they felt that the rely to do things differently at MINI had been taken to a whole new level. Most significantly, the marketing team had decided not to use any television or radio advertising as part of MINIs launch, an industry first for what was essentially an entirely new automobi le brand in the U.S. market (it had been almost 40 years since the original Mini was sold in the U.S.). Instead, a phased approach using grade and nontraditional marketing techniques was developed.During August and September 2001, MINIs focus wasto build brand awareness in the beginning through print advertising in magazines. The tagline for the ads was Lets Motor, a theme developed by SRR and that would be carried throughout the launch campaign in 2002. The use of the word Lets at the beginning of each ad was intended to create a feeling of inclusiveness, and the tone of the ads was intended to be friendly and funny. For example, one ad read Lets not use the size of our vehicle to compensate for other shortcomings. Lets Motor. Another began, Lets put away the middle finger.In addition to initial print advertising in magazines such as Autoweek, SRR developed The Book of drive, a 5-inch by 5-inch glossy booklet designed to engender exactly what it meant to be a motorer. How is mo ve different from driving? it posed to the reader. Physically, theyre the same process . . . the difference is in the mind of the operator . . . when you drive, you go from A to B . . . when you motor you go from A to Z . . . its all about living . . . nobody can tell you when youre motoring . . . you just know. The book also suggested that motorers pay the toll for the car behind them or feed park meters if they see a meter maid coming. Motorers look out for one another, the book said. The Book of Motoring could be obtained through BMW dealers or the MINI USA website.In October 2001, in addition to continued print advertising, the SRR and the MINI marketing team designed a series of promotional events and publicity stunts to create special buzz for the brand.Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedchallenges for the manufacturing team in Oxford, England, it was clear that the target market would likely seek to make their MINI unique by adding optional features and color schemes. Finally, it also became observable that limiting their advertising to traditional media such as television and radio would not be cost effective, since the MINI itself was not a mass-market carand since its potential buyers seemed less interested in being part of the mainstream.In one example, for a Formula 1 car race in Indianapolis, MINIs were secured to the top of deuce-ace fullsize sport-utility vehicles and were driven to the city from other parts of the U.S. carrying signs that read, What are you doing for fun this weekend? The same MINI-toting SUVs then toured some 24 U.S. cities (Exhibit 4). When curious onlookers asked about the car, representatives were instructed to give them a card that said Coming to America and tell them to the MINI USA website. Sportin g events were also used as venues to promote the car. For instance, a MINI was placed in the stands of an Oakland As baseball indorse and in the Superdome for a Monday Night Football game (Exhibit 5). As part of this promotion, during the game, the announcer did a series of callouts that drew the attention of the fans in attendance to the MINI. As one example, he announced To the gentleman in Section 101, youve left your lights on. When the in-stadium camera focused on the MINI in Section 101, its lights flashed and then shut off. This particular promotion also played a role in the firms attempts to anthropomorphize the MINI.When the official launch of the MINI Cooper began in March 2002, MINI and SRR continued their grass-roots marketing efforts and print advertising in combining with outdoor advertising using, most notably, billboards, which they felt were underutilized by other car brands. In all 45 markets where the new MINI was to be sold, teaser billboards were posted on the day that showrooms were opened. Instead of displaying the car or its logo, the billboards only included the companys website, miniusa.com, and a single line of text. One billboard read, XXL XL L M S Mini. Another read, The SUV backlash officially starts now. Then, in April, a new series ofbillboards were rolled out that included a photo of a MINI, the MINI logo, and the Lets Motor tagline. Slogans included, Lets drink Not Guzzle, referring to its above-average fuel economy.The outdoor advertising was taken to the extreme in cities like New York, where a skyscraper was wrapped to represent the cars two-tone paint job and a 29-foot-by-125-foot billboard was erected in multiplication Square. Though typically considered a traditional medium, print advertising was used by MINI as nontraditionally as possible. In late 2001, for instance, executives from 35 magazines were invited to MINIs headquarters to brainstorm unique ways to market the new MINI in print. One noteworthy outcome of thi s session was a scheme to use the margins around news stories to hold advertisements. At launch, the cornering ads, as they were called, were run in six magazines, including curlicue Stone and Motor Trend. The ads said, Nothing corners like a MINI and contained a photo of the Mini Cooper S cornering the one-inch margin of the magazine page. Other aspects of the launch campaign included the following (Exhibit 6)More than 6 million magazine inserts of an abridged version of The Book of MotoringA series of MINI-inspired cartoons have in The New Yorker magazineOther magazine inserts including an unscented MINI-shaped air freshener and a pullout car game. Another insert allowed readers to customize the car using peel-off stickers accessories such as wheel covers, blowers, and racks could be placed on a photo of a MINI in the ad.In total, more than 30 million magazine inserts were promulgated in magazines ranging from Car and Driver to Vanity Fair. The MINI organization was veryhappy wi th the creative take of SRR. Conceptually, just about every one of their ideas was spot on, Hardy said. Besides the fact that they really got the brand, they also made sure that the ideas they showed us were fleshed out and developed. This extra effort on their part really made it easier for us to react to the ideas and to give them meaningful feedback so we could work together to make them come to life. MINI and SRR planned to explore other advertising media as 2002 wore on, just not television. Rather than use TV advertising, for example, MINI opted to sign a deal with National Cinema Network, a movie theater network, to show 30- and 45-second advertisements on roughly 2,000 screens in five cities.7Purchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotectedBy the close of 2002, there were several reasons for MINI and SRR to celebrate. Most obvious were the year-end MINI sales figures, which indicated that 24,590 units had been sold in a little over nine months. At that pace, first-year sales were projected to total over 30,000 units. In addition to the strong sales figures, a consumer survey indicated that brand awareness for the MINI among the carbuying public was 25%. A survey indicated that 75% of MINI buyers had read or heard about the MINI throughpublic relations and Internet exposure before the official launch advertising actually began in March 2002.The launch campaign also earned both MINI and SRR a significant number of awards, including Adweek magazines 2002 Guerilla Marketer of the yr and 2003 Media Plan of the Year honors, the 2002 Kelly gives majestic Prize for Outstanding Magazine Advertising, and two 2002 Cannes Media Lion prizes. SRR also won the Best of Show Award and an award for innovation in marketing at the annual One Show awards, a prest igious event sponsored by the One Club for Art and Copy in New York. At the same awards ceremony, MINI USA received the Advertiser of the Year Award. Pitney was named one of two Automotive News Marketers of the Year (the other was awarded to Jim McDowell, vice president of marketing for BMW of North America). In January 2003, the MINI was selected as the North American Car of the Year by the same publication. The MINI Cooper and MINI Cooper S were selected as finalists for the Motor Trend Car of the Year as well.The Creative Work Continues (20032005)By all accounts, the relationship between MINI and SRR was felt by both sides in 2003 to have been a highly productive collaboration to that point. Each day we came to the office thinking that we had one of the best jobs in the world. In a sense, SRR was just part of the family. Wed interact and debate ideas on a weekly, sometimes daily, basis, Hardy described. It was a close working relationship.Over the next two years, MINIs strategy o f using primarily nontraditional advertising in combination with print and outdoor advertising continued, as did SRRs ability to develop unique creative material in support of this strategy. One magazine campaign featured punch-out, assembleable versions of the MINI Cooper built on a 156 scale. About 4.4 million inserts were created, featuring two cars with different combinations of accessories, and came complete with assembly instructions both cars became collectors items.In another campaign, consumers could pull out MINI cartoon-character decals from magazines. The stickers came eight per sheet and were designed to drive buyers into dealerships for a ninth sticker. Approaches like this one were well received by dealers, including Wayne Youngblood, generalmanager of Motor City Mini near Detroit. Im excite with it MINI marketing is quirky, fun, and it delivers customers that match the vehicle perfectly, he said. In my 30 years in the business, there has been no other product that c ommands as much excitement or attention as MINI.10Sales of the MINI Cooper continued to climb (Exhibit 7). In 2004, a MINI Cooper standardized was added to the model lineup. Changes would soon be underway, however. In March 2005, Martin announced that she was leaving MINI to become director of market development for Volkswagen of America, a company known for spending about $500 million each year in North American advertising. Around the same time, Pitney and McDowell made the unique decision to switch jobs as general manager of MINI USA and vice president of marketing for BMW of North America. But the net surprise was SRRs resignation of the MINI account in order to become the agency of recordPurchased for use on the MSc International Marketing, at Kings College London, Department of Management. Taught by Douglas West, from 12-Jan-2015 to 27-Mar-2015. Order ref F240566. Usage permitted only within these parameters otherwise contact emailprotected for Volkswagen. By then, Hardy ha d assumed Martins duties as head of marketing, and one of her first challenges was starting over and finding a new advertising agency, which would not be easy given the unique relationship that MINI enjoyed with SRR.Advertising AgenciesWith each passing year of technical advancements, it was apparent to MINI and others that the foundations of any advertising firmcreativity and the ability to deliver creative heart and soul in a variety of mediawere becoming less and less the exclusive domain of bigger advertising firms with extensive production staffs. Consequently, it was possible for a one- or two-person shop to perform the same creative run as a large, multinational advertising conglomerate with billions in revenues such as Omnicom, WPP, Interpublic Group (IPG), and Publicis. Advertising firms in 2005 could be categorized into either of these two groups, but a third group also existed. The independents, as they were called, were privately owned firms with anywhere from about 10 to 300 employees. As was the case with SRR, frequently these firms were started by young, entrepreneurial advertising professionals looking for creative freedom or autonomy following stints at one or more of the publicly held multinational firms.Seen by some to be a combative response to the growth of the independents, consolidation was a significant theme in the advertising industry during much of the 1990s and early twenty-first century. Over this period, the major holding companies appeared intent on expanding market share in order to gain economies of scale, diversifying their revenue streams, and serving clients as a one-stop shop while maturement into large, multinational players. In 1993, for example, the top three agency holding companies captured a 36% share of the market. By 2003, this figure had increased to 50%.11 The increase in market share was largely achieved through acquisitions of independents and smaller holding companies, with the bulk of these acquisitions o ccurring from 19962001. One holding company, IPG, acquired 240 companies during that period.Another significant industry theme was the shift in agency compensation over the past decade from commissions to fee-based compensation. Traditionally, advertising organizations had been paid at a set percentage of an advertising budget for the creative work on an account this percentage wastypically in the 12%15% range but could be as high as 20%. A major criticism of this compensation system was that it did not align the agencys pay with the success of a particular campaign or with the amount of work required to create the campaign. The fee-based system (or FTE model) aerated production fees and employee hours along with a standard profit margin (e.g., 20%) for the advertising firm. In 2005, it was estimated that 80% of all advertising clients had moved away from commission-based compensation structures to enter fixed fees or a combination of fee and incentive compensation.

Individual Behavior Essay Example for Free

several(prenominal) Behavior EssayIndividual behavior differs from person to person and well-nigh differences are based on the background of the individual. Some elements that ordure meet ones background to influence their individual behavior plenty include pietism, date, occupation, values and attitude differences, gender, and hitherto ethnicity. These individual behaviors bathroom cause parklandwealth to act differently to situations and crapper create friction or even chemistry in the performance place. The age of a person can be a large factor in the path they be affirm. in that respect are studies that prove maturity can come at different ages but in most cases maturity is well-nighthing that is learned and grown into. Age in a work place can work against someone or for them. A young age can be a twilight if there is lack of maturity and experience and old age can be a wrecking due to lack of energy or knowledge of new technologies. With that being said I presuppose that it is important that age should not be the deciding factor as to how someone go out act.There are many young people who have the maturity to carry many responsibilities and show dandy individual behavior. Some older individuals have accommodateed their behavior to fit more suitable into the technologies that have developed all over the past few years. More and more people are on Facebook (www. facebook. com) than ever, and it is common to see individuals of all ages on the popular website. You can also find with age individuals depending on their age will have their priorities in different orders. The occupation of a person can also prop to their individual behavior.For example say there is an individual who works in the public eye same a Senator or Congressman, they are going to be more careful for the things that they say and do because they will not wish the media to catch wind and bring them in a negative media down pepper about the situation. When you wor k in the lime light you have to be cautious about your give voice and your actions. There are many occupations that are not in the public eye that also has to prize about their individual behavior and make sure that they set a good example because of their occupation. dissipate a teacher for example it is very important that they do not act in an dingy individual behavior because it can have an affect on their job. For instant it would be bad to charge pictures of yourself drunk to a popular social networking sight if you are a teacher because you are to be a role model and that is individual behavior that you should not wish your students to witness. Many professionals will agree their professional behavior when they are dealing with their work and with their lives. Professional behavior usually consists of being sedate and thinking your actions and words through before acting upon them.Many professionals also like to make enlightened guesses instead of sporadic leaps into ne w things. Many individuals will learn their professionalism from their occupation and it is something that they can carry over into their individual behavior. Religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of life and the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a supernatural agency,1 or human beings relation to that which they regard as holy, heavenly, spiritual, or divine. 2Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a favorite(a) lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature (www. wikipedia. com). That definition alone can should one how religion could influence someones individual behavior. Unlike the other elements religion is something, for the most part, that can be chosen by the individual. A person can be brought up with religious beliefs, can adapt to the beliefs, and can even change their r eligious beliefs.A religion can have strict guidelines as to how their followers should behave some may even have diets or wardrobe requirements that can affect their individual behavior. Values can run hand in hand with religion on some basis. Many religions have a foundation on values and morals that their followers should abide by. When a situation occurs and a decision needs to be made you can understand a big money about a person by their individual behavior. It is usually the persons values or morals that help them make the decision on what action to take when the situation presented itself.Attitudes about differences can affect ones individual behavior. Someone who is high strung can tend to have a little more dramatic attitudes about differences opposed to a laidback individual who has a peaceful nature and can tend to look at differences with a positive. When attitudes turn negative ones individual behavior can take defenseful, frightful, or even protective. In conclusio n there are many parts that tie unitedly to create an individual behavior and those behaviors can be influenced by many different elements.Although many individuals can have common elements in their background it is hard to find an individual behavior that is the exact same. Individual behavior can show a lot about the way a person was brought up, their beliefs, age, and even gender. It can show their religious beliefs or just their attitude but it is certain that ones individual behavior is something that the individual chooses for their self. It is a way they like to act regarding to a situation.

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay Example for Free

Assessing the Dependency of groupwork kinetics to Cultural Differences EssayA debate whether a confused or a self-coloured squad is easier to handle and manage has been going on for years. Companies, firms and even organizations atomic number 18 starting to make aggroups as the lavatoryonic unit of their operations. Due to this trend, organizational searchers started to study the correlation between the patch of the police squad and the squads output (Earley Mosakowski, 2000, p. 26). organizational war paint in terms of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the aggroup up composition is commonly studied through the comparative profits that each type of composition prat give to a workings group up (Schippers, Hartog, Koopman, Wienk, 2003, p. 779). This research paper will try to address the issue at hand in the same modality as most organizational researchers do this research paper will compare same and involved group compositions through the advantage s they jackpot give to their teams. The hiring structure of most organizations, companies and firm includes a set of expertness that seeks to sift through the applicants not in terms of credentials but also in terms of their backgrounds (Prat, 2000, p. 3).These sets of qualifications are commonly structured in their own ways to create a homogenous or a motley team, depending on the position of the hiring party in terms of its team composition preference. forward moving on to the advantages of the cardinal-team compositions, it should be noted that the basic unlikenesss between the two-team compositions are its team members culture. Culture embodies the strategy of overlap meanings (Gibson C. B. , 2004). It can even be said, that culture attributes the different reactions of the team members in different managerial approaches and team objectives (Gibson C.B. , 2004). Furthermore, the probability of success and efficiency in team is dependent to the culture of its team member s. Identifying the difference between leading a self-coloured team or a composite team can be easily discussed through the extent by which team members share a certain culture. In modern day organizational researches, culture sharing is not the only difference. Factors such(prenominal) as efficiency, strength of the leading model, output capabilities and even conflict resolution mechanisms are considered in organization researches that address homogeneous and heterogeneous team compositions.Describing the actual attractorship process in these two team compositions would lead to the discussions on team cohesiveness. squad cohesiveness is the degree by which members of a group (both hetero and homo) are attracted to the team (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). It can be said, that team cohesiveness embodies the reasons for joining a team and expected incentives for joining the team (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). police squad cohesiveness is present in both homo geneous and heterogeneous team compositions.However, the burden of insuring that the team would carry is not directly related to the team composition it is also determined by the leadership port in the team. Leading leadership styles such as directive and supportive styles take hold two in truth different effects to the team depending on the team composition. The exclusivity of the shared culture in homogeneous teams can work better with directive leadership such as seen in autocratic countries (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 360).On the early(a) hand, supportive leadership can work better with heterogeneous team composition since the differences in the shared culture of the team can be compensated for by the support that the leadership style offers (Wendt, Euwemab, Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Interchanging the two leadership styles in heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions can result to high probability of team inefficiency and failure. Following this logic, it can be said that the leadership style would determine the difference between these two team compositions a certain picture must be properly addressed.After discussing the ask fit in the leadership style and the team composition, advantages in terms of properly leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can now be established. Having a heterogeneous team implies that a team leader would have members with different recognitions of shared culture. Due to this, the team leader can expect different opinions and a wide range of thinkers to be articulated by the team members (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This setup is seen in companies that operate on a high technology level.Technology based companies head for the hills to function in a transnational level this tolerates the companies to have an experience in having a heterogeneous team to deal with their operations. The diverse pool that the company can easily access to creates a working environment, which is perfect for the c reation of cohorts. According to other related researches, team members tend to speak out their idea or opinion if they have at least one team member that supports their idea (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This conclusion is the coined as the cohort formation in workplaces.Following this logic, leading a heterogeneous team has an advantage of being able to pool a good number of ideas and opinions due to the different shared cultures among the team members. Practically speaking, a heterogeneous team can come up with more possible solutions needed to address a problem as compared to a team with members that share a uniform culture. nonuniform team through its cohorts also has the advantage of creating a workplace, which is more conducive for a more unresolved learning behavior (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p.209). The cohort formation that arises from a heterogeneous team creates subgroups that are more receptive to learning through experimentation reflective communication and cod ification (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The psychological support provided by team members that share culture allows other team members to learn more (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, p. 210). These advantages of heterogeneous teams make many organizations, companies and firms to induce in the creation of a heterogeneous team.This trend is best seen in transnational companies attempts to outsource team members from different places around the globe to insure that their team has cohorts to cultivate better brainstorming activities (Earley Gibson, 2002, pp. 230-232). Unfortunately, the advantages of having a heterogeneous team stop at the cohorts. abstruse team, which is too heterogeneous in the intelligence that it does not allow the formation of cohorts tends to be counterproductive since its team members without some to share his or her culture with, becomes too overprotective of their ideas (Gibson Vermeulen, 2003, pp. 212-213).In this situation, organizational researches recom mend the full dismantling of the team or the inclusion of other team members that may allow that formation of cohorts within the heterogeneous team. Advantages in a homogeneous team are the extreme solutions to the disadvantages of a heterogeneous team. The probability that too much heterogeneity can impede team growth and efficiency can be cancelled out by adapting a homogenized team since the shared culture of the whole team will eradicate the cultural diversity that may have started the problems of a too heterogenic team (Mello Ruckes, 2010, p. 1022).This is the primary advantage of homogeneous team- gumminess. police squad cohesion is at its premier(a) state if the subject team is a homogeneous team (WordPress. com, 2009). The strong sense of group cohesion in a homogeneous team allows the whole team to easily accomplish tasks and yield maximum productivity rates (WordPress. com, 2009, p. n. pag. ). The shared culture of a homogeneous team creates a sense of symmetry among the team members that translates to achievements that are most probably unattainable for a common heterogeneous group. This is the primary and appears to be the only advantage in a homogeneous group.Unfortunately, it also has its share of disadvantages. The major disadvantage of a homogenous team is that the team is prone to make probable dumb decisions due to the strong sense of groupthink mentality present in this team composition (WordPress. com, 2009). This attributes of homogeneous team composition allows homogeneous teams to be the perfect team composition for productivity and goal oriented organizations, companies and firms. Conclusion Heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions have been existing ever since basic groups have been formed.The reason for their existence is the fact that each of this team composition provides a perfect fit for different organizational arrangements (Gamage, 2006, p. 57). The interplay between organizational cultures, team composition and the type of leadership determines the needed fit implied in this research paper. Conclusively, this research paper takes the position that homogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that are goal and production oriented, while heterogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that seek to provide solutions.The cohesive team culture cultured and enforced in homogeneous team composition allows a consolidated movement of the whole team towards the attainment of their teams objectives. On the other hand, the differences of the team members of a heterogeneous team allow the utilization of the multi perspective orientations in the advantage of the whole team. The different ideas and cultural inclinations of a heterogeneous team allow the development of holistic solutions.These points when summed up results to a general idea that the team compositions effectiveness are dominantly dependent on the factors such as type of leadership and environment such as context of application. Bibliography Adams, S. K. (2007, July 30). Disciplinarily Hetero- and Homogeneous Design squad ConvergenceCommunication Patterns and Perceptions of Teamwork. Retrieved sniffy 6, 2010, from www. scholar. lib. vt. edu http//scholar. lib. vt. edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-114555/unrestricted/MastersThesis. pdf Adler, N. (1991).International dimensions of organi-zational behavior (2nd ed. ). Boston PWS-Kent. Burke, S. , Wilson, K. , Salas, E. (2010). Varying Team Composition to Examine the Effect of CulturalDiversity on Team Process and Cultural Adaptability. Retrieved tremendous 6, 2010, from www. ftp. rta. nato. int ftp. rta. nato. int/public//PubFullText/ ///MP-HFM-142-18. physician Casmir, R. (1992). Third-culture building A paradigm shift for international and intercultural communication. Communication Yearbook , 407-428. Cox, T. (1992). Cultural diversity in organizations.San Francisco Berrett Koehler. Earley, P. C. , Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating Hybrid Team Cultures An Empirical Test of Transnational Team Functioning. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, no. 1 , 26-49. Earley, P. , Gibson, C. B. (2002). Multinational Work Teams A New Perspective. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. . Elron, E. (1997). Top management teams within multina-tional corporations Effects of cultural heterogeneity. leadership Quarterly , 393-412. Gamage, D. (2006). Professional Development for Leaders and Managers .Dordrecht Springer Publications. Gibson, C. B. (2004). Building Multicultural TeamsLearning to Manage homogeneousness and Heterogeneity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//web. gsm. uci. edu http//web. gsm. uci. edu/cgibson/Publication%20files/Articles/Crossing%20cultures%20chapter. pdf Gibson, C. , Vermeulen, F. (2003). A Healthy Divide Subgroups as a Stimulus for Team Learning Behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2 , 202-239. Leadershipreview. org. (2002). Research Synopsis Creating Hybrid Team Cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www.leadershipreview. org http//www. leadershipreview. org/2002winter/nelson_winter_2002. asp Mayo, M. (2005, September 2). Networks and Effectiveness in Work Teams The Impact of Diversity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. latienda. ie. edu http//latienda. ie. edu/working_papers_economia/WP05-10. pdf Maznevski, M. (1994). Understanding our differences Performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human Relations , 531-552. McGrath, J. (1984). Groups Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. Mello, A. S. , Ruckes, M.E. (2010). Team Composition. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. d http//finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. de/download/Ruckes_TeamCompositionJB. pdf Prat, A. (2000, August 16). Shoul a Team Be Homogeneous? Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. econ. lse. ac. uk http//econ. lse. ac. uk/staff/prat/papers/sharedeer2. pdf Schippers, M. C . , Hartog, D. N. , Koopman, P. L. , Wienk, J. A. (2003). Diversity and Team Outcomes The Moderating Effects of Outcome Interdependence and Group Longevity and the Mediating Effect of Reflexivity.Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 6 , 779-802. Wendt, H. , Euwemab, M. C. , Emmerik, I. H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//hettyvanemmerik. com http//hettyvanemmerik. com/ScientificPublications/+Enl2009=Article_LQ_Wendt_Euwema_Van_Emmerik_Leadership_and_team_cohesiveness. pdf WordPress. com. (2009, March 10). Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Teams and Creativity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. wordpress. com http//asifjmir. wordpress. com/2009/03/10/homogeneous-or-heterogeneous-teams-and-creativity/

Short history of gambling in the United States Essay Example for Free

curt history of looseness in the United States EssayAccording to the Commission on the Review of guinea pig Policy toward Gambling, gambling in the United States grossed over $40 billion dollars in 1995 (Dunstan, 1997). Professor I. Nelson flush describes three twines of gambling during the history of the colonies and the United States. The set-back of these waves began during the start of this dandy nation and lasted until the mid-1800s. The second wave was at the end of our Civil War and lasted until the early 1900s. Finally, the last wave started during the Great Depression and is heretofore discharge strong today. I believe a fourth wave has already commenced with new applied science paving the way. The new technology consists of, eldest and foremost, the profit and also any Wi-Fi abled device. Those who use the internet realise already found out that this technology is hard to regulate and hence the added rush or lavishly the gamblers are able to extract from it . First Wave From the 1600s to the mid-1800s 1. The Puritans attitude toward gaming and play was adopted. They also outlawed the possession of cards, dice, dancing, and singing. 2. They softened their stance the following year to allow recreation, but not as a trade. 3.In other colonies, where the Puritans did not have control, the English attitude toward gambling prevailed. 4. The English believed gambling to be harmless, and even called it a gentlemans game. 5. Gambling soon becomes a vice with much take a chance taking. 6. Lotteries were permitted by the Crown to raise money for the colonial venture, with the proceeds helping to establish the early Universities standardized Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. 7. The first race track was built on Long Island in 1965. 8. By the early 1800s, bulky fancy casinos were established in the Republic, and gambling in the lower Mississippi Valley became a original enterp ski tow.9. During the 1830s, professional gamblers were under scrutiny for preying on the unwitting. Ironically, President Jackson was a gambler at this time. reciprocal ohm Wave From the mid-1800 to Early 1900s 1. The Gold Rush sets off a gambling boom in California. A canvas tent, at this time, cost $40,000 annually, payable with gold dust in advance. 2. In 1856, gamblers were lynched as a result of political fighting for San Francisco, since they were of the opposing political faction. 3. Despite Prohibition, gambling remained strong by going underground with illegal parlors.4. By 1910, virtually all forms of gambling were prohibited in the United States. threesome Wave Early 1930s to the Present 1. The great depression leads to greater legalization of gambling. 2. Massachusetts decriminalized bingo in 1931 to help churches and charitable organizations raise much needed revenue. 3. Organized Crime syndicates become difficult supporters of many casinos in Nevada. 4. During the 1950s, the Senate Committee investigates Organized Crimes influence in the casino industry. 5. Lotteries were formerly again sponsored by the government.From 1894 to 1964, there were no government-sponsored lotteries operating in the United States. 6. In 1964, New Hampshire is the first state to sponsor a lottery, followed by New York in 1967. 7. Congress fails to pass a guinea pig lottery measure patronage numerous attempts. Fourth Wave The Present and Beyond 1. In 1995, the first online gambling casino starts operation by offering 18 games. 2. An estimated 30 million people visited internet gambling sites in July of 2005 alone. 3. It is estimated the industry has grown from $1 billion in profits in 1997 to $10.9 billion in 2006. 4. Almost anyone is able to gamble on any Wi-Fi abled device, since the industry is difficult to regulate. 5. The rise in internet gambling brings an increase in youths gambling, gambling problems, and criminal activity such as credit card fraud (McCown, 2007). Comparison of Criteria for Substance Dependence with Gambling 1 . Tolerance-The two main linguistic communication used to describe both this effect dependent and gambling quantity is, increasing amounts. 2. Withdrawal-When reducing, or stop gambling activities the client becomes restless and irritated.The same can be said about core group addiction since those same characteristics are involved, with an added twist for substance dependent clients. 3. Taking the substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. This can also be construed as the tolerance criterion for gambling where the gambler uses increasing amounts to achieve excitement. 4. Having a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to thinned down or control substance use. This behavior parallels the loss of control criterion in gambling where the gambler despite repeated attempts to cut down, stop, or control the gambling is unsuccessful.5. Spending a great deal of time in activities necessary to get the substance. This criterion seems to be consistent wit h the gambler who has a preoccupation with gambling. 6. Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to substance use. This seems to almost mirror the gamblers risked significant relationship criterion. 7. Continuing to use the substance despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is believably to have been caused or is exacerbated by the substance.I am unable to find a gambling criterion to match this exact behavior, but in gambling lying, chasing, and illegal acts seem to almost rival the substance dependent characteristic stated. Bibliography Ciarrocchi, J. W. (2001).Counseling Problem Gamblers. San Diego, California Academic Press. McCown, W. G. (2007). Treating Gambling Problems. Hoboken, New Jersey sewer Wiley Sons, Inc. Dunstan, R. (1997).Gambling in California. CA California Research Bureau, California State Library. http//www. library. ca. gov/crb/97/03/chapt2. html